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Are you preparing for UGC-NET examination? Here are few questions on sociology that are more likely to come in the upcoming UGC-NET exam of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland.
1. According to Lewis Coser, the major concern of Durkheim was
(a) Problem of social order versus disorder
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(b) How division of labour exists in society
(c) In which condition people suicide
(d) The role of religion
Ans. (a)
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2. For Durkheim, society is
(a) Sui-generis
(b) Functional to individual
(c) Characterised by cooperation
(d) moulding human attitudes
Ans. (a)
3. Durkheims most important methodological contribution is his
(a) functional analysis
(b) study of religion
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(c) study of normative behaviour
(d) study of division of labour
Ans. (a)
4. Who among the following conceives of Sociology as a comprehensive science of social action?
(a) T. Parsons
(b) Karl Marx
(c) Martindale
(d) Max Weber
Ans. (d)
5. Who had made distinction between two types of conflict namely realistic and non- realistic?
(a) Lewis Coser
(b) Simmel
(c) Marx
(d) Dahrendorf
Ans. (a)
6. Who considers poverty as a result of exploitation and not of scarcity?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Weber
(c) Hobhouse
(d) Pareto
Ans. (a)
7. The first clear cut formulation of exchange theory is provided by
(a) Peter Blau
(b) G.C. Homans
(c) James Frazer
(d) Malinowski
Ans. (c)
8. Who had propounded the concept of triple obligation of social exchange?
(a) Mauss
(b) Malinowski
(d) Peter Blau
Ans. (a)
9. Who holds that, it is the exchange which counts and not the things exchanged?
(a) Levi Strauss
(b) Blau
(c) Homans
(d) Ghurye
Ans. (a)
10. Who had propounded the concept of ‘modes of individual adaptation’?
(a) James Frazer
(b) R.K. Merton
(c) T. Parsons
(d) P. Blau
Ans. (b)
11. The concept of role and status were first systematically developed by
(a) Malinowski
(b) Robert Redfield
(c) Ralph Linton
(d) Parsons
Ans. (c)
12. Roles and statuses are often most
(a) conflicting
(b) unconnected
(c) complementary
(d) contradictory
Ans. (c)
13. Who has defined group as “any number of people, larger or smaller between whom such relations are discovered, that they must be thought of together”?
(a) Albion small
(b) Sorokin
(c) Patrick Geddes
(d) Simmel
Ans. (a)
14. For Cooley the main primary group is
(a) Family
(b) School
(c) Work group
(d) Play group
Ans. (a)
15. Which of the following is true regarding behaviour?
(a) Behaviour is to a large extent cultural.
(b) Behaviour and culture are same.
(c) Behaviour is not determined by culture.
(d) Behaviour is dependent on some great man’s behaviour
Ans. (a)
16. Which among the following is not true regarding Double descent?
(a) It is same as bilineal descent
(b) Both are matrilineal and patrilineal descent
(c) Property is passed patrilineally
(d) There is distinction between movable and immovable property
Ans. (c)
17. The principle or set of principles by which ego’s consanguineal relatives are determined is technically known as
(a) Rules of descent
(b) Rules of kinship
(c) Rules of grouping
(d) Rules of lineage
Ans. (a)
18. Who regards the joking relationships as having a symbolic meaning? By saying that joking relations may be a kind of friendliness expressed by show of hostility?
(a) G.H. Mead
(b) M. Mead
(c) Radcliffe Brown
(d) Morgan
Ans. (c)
19. According to Brihaspati
(a) Offspring from five maternal generations and seven praternal generations are sapinda and they cannot inter-marry.
(b) Offspring from seven maternal generations and five paternal generations are sapinda and they cannot inter-marry.
(c) Offspring from three maternal and five paternal generations cannot inter-marry.
(d) Offspring from three paternal and five maternal generations are sapinda and they cannot inter marry.
Ans. (a)
20. The practice to marry outside the village is prevalent in
(a) Tribes of Chota Nagpur
(b) Tribes of Nilgiri
(c) Tribes of Malabar
(d) Tribes of Andaman
Ans. (a)
21. The legal right over the use of his/her invention is called
(a) Law of return
(b) Social obligation
(c) Law of patents
(d) Social security
Ans. (c)
22. A grouping together of workers to assert/ demand their rights is called
(a) Consciousness
(b) Association
(c) Unionism
(d) Assertiveness
Ans. (c)
23. The total sum of the means which provide objects required for human sustenance and comfort is called
(a) Factory
(b) Relation of production
(c) Technology
(d) Guild
Ans. (c)
24. A person or group which has a great amount of wealth is called
(a) Affluent
(b) Capitalist
(c) Owner
(d) Entrepreneur
Ans. (b)
25. Who among the following economic historian has identified three different modes of allocation or principles of exchange: reciprocity, redistribution and market exchange?
(a) Karl Polanyi
(b) Karl Marx
(c) J. Smelser
(d) Adam Smith
Ans. (a)
26. Who has suggested ‘principal activity’ on the basis for classifying the cities?
(a) E.E. Muntz
(b) Mikim Marriott
(c) Munyord
(d) Spengler
Ans. (a)
27. Who has described ‘City as a sink of civilization’?
(a) Rousseau
(b) Locke
(c) Mumford
(d) Spengler
Ans. (a)
28. Who among the following has proposed the sector theory of urban development?
(a) Homer Hoyt
(b) Burgess
(c) Spengler
(d) Park
Ans. (b)
29. Who among the following held a very pessimistic view regarding the city?
(a) Max Weber and G. Simmel
(b) Oswald Spengler and L. Mumford
(c) Robert Redfield and Oscar Lewis
(d) Louis Wirth and R. Park
Ans. (c)
30. As the name suggests rural-urban fringe represents the fusion of rural and urban ways of life on the_________ of the large metropolitan communities.
(a) Middle
(b) Periphery
(c) Outskirts
(d) Near-by industries
Ans. (a)
31. “Power is determination of behaviour of others in accordance with one’s own ends” was stated by
(a) K. Davis
(b) Pareto
(c) Weber
(d) Maclver
Ans. (a)
32. In a simple society most effective check on the authority used to be
(a) Magic
(b) Religion
(c) Social
(d) Education
Ans. (b)
33. Rights which are given to the citizen is by the constitution but which cannot be touched by the state is known as
(a) Legal rights
(b) Moral rights
(c) Political rights
(d) Fundamental rights
Ans. (d)
34. In a simple society it was believed that the monarch was
(a) the eldest person in the kingdom
(b) the most religious minded person in the state
(c) the most social and socialized and cultured person in the kingdom
(d) the representative of God on earth
Ans. (d)
35. Historical analysis indicates that early kings were
(a) Priests
(b) Intellectual
(c) Warlords
(d) Democrates
Ans. (c)
36. Which one tends to disappear under the impact of capitalism?
(a) Estate and class
(b) Caste and Estate
(c) Caste and class
(d) Class and status group
Ans. (b)
37. In which of the following did the class structure develop first?
(a) Primitive society
(b) Tribal society
(c) Agriculture society
(d) Industrial Society
Ans. (b)
38. What according to Marx is the basis of capitalism?
(a) Large scale production
(b) Debit and credit through bank
(c) Private property
(d) Pursuit of profit
Ans. (d)
39. For Marx, capitalism aims at
(a) The fulfillment of requirements of all
(b) Promote charity
(c) Welfare of society through economic development
(d) Advancement of the capitalist class
Ans. (d)
40. The unique feature of estate system was
(a) Legalised inequality
(b) Created disparities of wealth
(c) Encouragement of hereditary occupation
(d) Denial of political right to masses
Ans. (a)
41. Which among the following statements are true?
1. Structural strain is caused when the norms and values of a society disappear suddenly
2. The leadership of social movement plays an important role in achieving its objectives
3. Ideology gives always a political slant to movement
4. Ideology helps in distinguishing between movements with similar objectives.
(a) 2 and 4
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (a)
42. Social change is linked with
(a) Norm system
(b) Cultural system
(c) Belief system
(d) Value system
Ans. (d)
43. Who has not attempted a systematic classification of societies nor examine in detail any specific process of social change?
(a) Hobhouse
(b) H. Spencer
(c) Comte
(d) K. Marx
Ans. (a)
44. From Comte who took the idea that the development of human mind was the crucial factor in social development, but did not accept Comte’s dogmatic positivism?
(a) A. Durkheim
(b) Saint Simon
(c) Hobhouse
(d) H. Spencer
Ans. (c)
45. Who has hypothesized that civilization arises in response to some challenge from the social and physical environment?
(a) Arnold Toynbee
(b) Oswald Spengler
(c) Hobhouse
(d) P. Sorokin
Ans. (a)
46. Who has suggested, that the only solution to the problem of definition of tribes in India is to conceive of a continuum of which at one end are tribes and at the other are castes?
(a) F.G. Bailey
(b) Guha
(c) Ghurye
(d) Lucy Mair
Ans. (a)
47. Which among the following tribes practiced highly specialised terrated cultivation?
(a) Apa Tani of Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Garo of Meghalaya
(c) Todas of Nilgiri
(d) Santhals of Bihar
Ans. (a)
48. Which among the following is not true regarding ‘Jarwa’ tribe?
(a) They are from Andaman Islands
(b) They are totally isolated
(c) They are original settlers of Andaman
(d) Their isolation is a latter development
Ans. (c)
49. Which among the following is not true?
(a) Tribal populations have been interacting within their regions in variety of ways
(b) They also developed regional patterns of interaction
(c) ln the process of interaction they contributed to the development of Indian civilization
(d) Tribals do not interact with each other as they see others tribe as a hostile
Ans. (d)
50. Gond tribe of Madhya Pradesh acted as a patron for which group of people
(a) Bhils
(b) Meenas
(c) Pradhan
(d) Garasia
Ans. (c)
51. Under which system, a travelling salesman would be counted at his location for the night regardless of whether that was his permanent residence
(a) de facto system
(b) de jure system
(c) sample system
(d) registration system
Ans. (b)
52. In the United States of America, which census method is standard?
(a) de jure
(b) de facto
(c) sample
(d) registration
Ans. (b)
53. A group of persons within a given population experiencing the same event during a given year or interval of time is called
(a) Peer group
(b) Group
(c) Cohort
(d) Resemble group
Ans. (c)
54. There is no natural law of population but that population size and growth are determined by social and economic conditions. Who holds this?
(a) E. Durkheim
(b) Malthus
(c) Karl Marx
(d) H. Spencer
Ans. (c)
55. The frequency of an event such as birth or death, per unit of population, usually per 1000, is called
(a) Crude rate
(b) Interval
(c) Occurrence
(d) Frequency
Ans. (a)
56. Euphoria, a term coined by Radcliffe Brown means
(a) a state of chaos
(b) a state of equilibrium
(c) a state of social well being
(d) a state of social disequilibrium
Ans. (c)
57. Who pioneered the method of spychoanalyis?
(a) John Piaget
(b) Festinger
(c) Sigmund Freud
(d) Erving Goffman
Ans. (c)
58. Who gave ‘Theories of the Middle Range’?
(a) Talcott Parsons
(b) Festinger
(c) Timasheff
(d) Emile Durkheim
Ans. (b)
59. Who was he?
Deriving the word from Latin ‘socius’ and the Greek ‘logos’, he in his classification of the sciences made sociology both logically and chronologically posterior to the other sciences as the least general and most complex of all.
(a) St. Simon
(b) Herbert Spencer
(c) Auguste Comte
(d) Montesquieu
Ans. (c)
60. Who classified societies according to their volume and density?
(a) David Riesman
(b) R.E. Park
(c) Durkheim
(d) Burgess
Ans. (c)
61. The difference between the frequency polygon and the histogram is that:
(a) In a histogram the measures internal are represented by a rectangle whereas in a frequency polygon all the measures are represented by the mid-point of the internal
(b) The histogram represents cumulative frequencies of measures whereas the frequency polygon represents the percentile ranks of measures
(c) The frequency polygon represents all the measures of an interval while the histogram shows the curve joining all midpoint of an interval
(d) The frequency polygon represents the percentile ranks while the histogram represents the measures in an interval in the form of rectangles.
Ans. (a)
62. If the two Regression lines are as 3x + 2y – 26 = 0, 6x + y – 31 = 0 the values of x̅, y̅ =
(a) 4, 7
(b) 3, 6
(c) 5, 8
(d) 9, 11
Ans. (a)
63. Statistics does not deal with:
(a) Aggregates
(b) Individuals
(c) Groups
(d) Mass quant off
Ans. (b)
64. Educationists attach great importance to ‘experience’ in education. What would be the correct interpretation of this suggestion?
(a) Providing actual life experience in schools as suited to outside life
(b) Appointing experienced teachers
(c) Teaching through activities ad experimental methods in the school
(d) Teaching the experiences of great teachers in education
Ans. (a)
65. Which of the following approaches would be in accordance with the realistic philosophy of education, in your opinion:
(a) To emphasize on factors within the individual
(b) Manipulating to see that what is within comes out
(c) Complete freedom should be given but fear must be imposed
(d) Suppressing the environment to safeguard the individual.
Ans. (b)
66. Consider the following statements:
SNDP Movement in Kerala focused on-
1. the right of admission to schools
2. reservation in government jobs
3. scheduling of deprived castes
4. entry into temple roads
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 4 only
Ans. (C)
67. Which of the following are correct?
The consequences of social stratification, according to Tumin, are dearly seen in people’s-
1. life chances
2. life styles
3. institutional patterns of conduct
4. values, attitudes and ideologies
5. development trends
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(B) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(C) 1, 4 and 5 only
(D) 2, 3 and 5 only
Ans. (D)
68. Whose statement is this?
“It is not permitted to contact marriage with a person of another caste, or to change from one profession or trade to another, nor for the same persons to undertake more than one, except if he is of the caste of philosophers, when permission is given on account of dignity.”-
(A) Hiuen-Tsang
(B) Al-brunie
(C) Megasthenese
(D) Thomas Roe
Ans. (C)
69. Which one of the following is the correct statement?
The analysis of the notions of pollution and purity have been included in the caste-ranking theory of-
(A) Interactional nature
(B) Structural nature
(C) Attributional nature
(D) Traditional nature
Ans. (B)
70. According to M. N. Srinivas, which of the following are the criteria for determination of a ‘dominant caste’?
1. Control of land and economic resources
2. Numerical strength
3. Relatively high ritual status in the caste hierarchy
4. Clean occupations
5. Political authority
6. Educational status of its members
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1, 2 and 4 only
(B) 3, 4, 5 and 6 only
(C) 1, 2, 3 and 6 only
(D) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
Ans. (C)
71. The term______________ was used by George Simmel and it refers to the development of stable patterns of relationships among individuals through social interaction and communication.
(a) Individuation
(b) Adaptation
(c) Sociation
(d) Interactionism
Ans. (c)
72. ____ refers to type of sociological analysis, that attempts to differentiate the forms of social interaction from the content of interactions and to analyse the former independently of the latter.
(a) Informal sociology
(b) Formal sociology
(c) Pure sociology
(d) Neutral sociology
Ans. (b)
73. Who has given the concept of ‘Formal Sociology’?
(a) Giddings
(b) Spencer
(c) George Simmel
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
74. In sociology, the error of regarding an abstraction as a real phenomenon is called:
(a) Fallacy of ratification
(b) Fallacy of abstraction
(c) Fallacy of confusion
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
75. _____________ refers to a discipline that is primarily concerned with studying the general rather than the particular.
(a) Formal science
(b) Formal sociology
(c) Pure sociology
(d) Monothetic science
Ans. (d)
76. Who of the following has said that “Socialisation is the process of developing group responsibility”?
(a) Cooley
(b) CC. North
(c) Bogardus
(d) Maclver
Ans. (c)
77. Through physical coercion, men were brought together and made to live in society. This view is related to:
(a) Physical coercion theory
(b) Force theory
(c) Subjugation theory
(d) War theory
Ans. (b)
78. ______ dissolves as soon as the external stimulus disappears.
(a) Society
(b) Public
(c) Congregation
(d) Aggregation
Ans. (d)
79. Who among the following has given the functional view of society’?
(a) Giddings
(b) Auguste Comte
(c) Parsons
(d) Spencer
Ans. (c)
80. ______ is a system of relationship between cells.
(a) Society
(b) Aggregation
(c) Organism
(d) Group
Ans. (c)
81. Civilization may limit the culture activity. Which among the following, in this context is true?
(a) The choice of a painter is determined by the availability of the colours
(b) A musician is dependent on-the musical instruments
(c) A pilgrim depends on the means of transport to go to the holy place
(d) Subject to culture pattern one chooses among the available
Ans. (d)
82. Which of the following was not a feature of urbanisation period of cultural phase?
(a) Cultural contacts developed
(b) Commerce rapidly spread
(c) There were deep cultural moorings
(d) Architecture and painting received serious setback
Ans. (d)
83. Who of the following has said that “culture is all the way of doing and thinking of a group”?
(a) Grahm Wallas
(b) Gillin and Gillin
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) Bogardus
Ans. (d)
84. According to Hans Kelsen primitive men had:
(a) Strong individual consciousness
(b) No group consciousness
(c) Not merged themselves in group consciousness
(d) Submerged themselves in group consciousness
Ans. (d)
85. Who of the following is of the view that “culture is the body of thought and knowledge both theoretical and practical”?
(a) C.C. North
(b) E. A. Hoebel
(c) A. E. Walter Paul
(d) E. M. de Roberty
Ans. (d)
86. According to _____ group have been classified into monad, dyad and triad.
(a) Sorokin
(b) Sumner
(c) Simmel
(d) Giddings
Ans. (c)
87. Which one of the following is not the characteristic of group life?
(a) Inter-relationship of members
(b) “We” feelings
(c) Feelings of unity
(d) Desire to perpetuate
Ans. (d)
88. The group with which the individual identities himself by virtue of his consciousness of kind are his __________.
(a) sub-groups
(b) primary group
(c) social groups
(d) marginal groups
Ans. (a)
89. According to Sumner, the assumption that the values, the ways of life and the attitudes of one’s own group are superior to other is called __________.
(a) Sub-nationalism
(b) Ethnocentrism
(c) Racial superiority
(d) In-group superiority
Ans. (b)
90. Which of the following is not the internal characteristic of primary group?
(a) physical closeness
(b) common aim
(c) common background
(d) control over members
Ans. (a)
91. T. Parsons identified four kinds of social systems as given below. Which is not a social system given by him?
(a) Social system
(b) Economic system
(c) Cultural system
(d) Personality system
Ans. (b)
92. Mechanism of social system has been divided into the mechanism of socialization and mechanism of social control by-
(a) T. Parsons
(b) Nadel
(c) Radcliffe Brown
(d) Maxwell
Ans. (a)
93. Which among the following statement is wrong?
(a) Social system has some basic prerequisites
(b) No social system is in a perfect state of equilibrium
(c) Cultural changes determines broadest pattern of change
(d) Social systems attain complete equilibrium
Ans. (d)
94. Who has visualized that social system has passed through three stages namely savagery, barbarian and civilization?
(a) Durkheim
(b) Gilchrist
(c) Morgan
(d) Taylor
Ans. (c)
95. “The Social System” is the work of-
(a) Hutton
(b) Talcott Parsons
(c) Radcliffe Brown
(d) Kroeber
Ans. (b)
96. _________ arises in the areas of behaviour where members have become more dependent for the satisfaction of their needs.
(a) Normative controls
(b) Regulation
(c) Folkways
(d) Mores
Ans. (b)
97. Norms in sociology mean:
(a) standardisation of social behaviour
(b) normally accepted mode of behaviour
(c) high ideals of society
(d) regulating human desire to compete with the other
Ans. (b)
98. Which one of the following is not true about norms?
(a) these promote value judgements
(b) these encourage value free judgements
(c) these have nothing to do with judgements
(d) these do not deal with ideal judgements
Ans. (a)
99. Those members who have important satisfactions outside the group will frequently ___________ from the norms than those who do not have such satisfaction.
(a) deviate
(b) disintegrate
(c) integrate
(d) none of the above
Ans. (a)
100. The more _____ the group, the more uniform the attitudes and behaviour of its members and the more conformity to the norms.
(a) cohesive
(b) solid
(c) flexible
(d) powerful
Ans. (c)