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Compilation of sample sociology questions with answers that might come in the upcoming Ph.d entrance examination. This will also assist the students, teachers, Civil Services, UGC-NET, UPSC & IAS aspirants for their competitive exams!
1. Which one of the following theoretical medals of urban growth does the following statement refer to? Commercial activities are concentrated in a central urban core, around which rings develop devoted to different activities.
(a) Homer Hoyt’s sector model
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(b) Ernest Burgess’s concentric-zone model
(c) Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman’s multiple-nuclei model
(d) Louis Wirth’s organization of space model.
Ans. (b)
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2. Environmental problems and the growth of environmental knowledge do not reject.
(a) The dominant social paradigm or dominant Western World view
(b) Material gains of industrial societies.
(c) Post-Fordist or risk-society institutions of the late twentieth century
(d) Quality of life oriented values.
Ans. (d)
3. Embourgeoisiement is –
(a) Failure of mobility of working class
(b) Automation of industry
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(c) Reformulation of bourgeois identity
(d) Process of creating bourgeois aspirations, style of living among the working class
Ans. (d)
4. Which of the following statements about the concept of rural-urban continuum is correct?
(a) It means villages and towns are dichotomous entities
(b) It means that villages and towns are interlinked and yet distinct from each other
(c) It explains the process of urbanisation
(d) It means migration of rural people to cities and of urban people to the villagers.
Ans. (b)
5. Who, among the following, has initiated a discussion on the differentiation of metropolitan space like the space of flows and the space of places?
(a) Manuel Castells
(b) Gideon Sjoberg
(c) Amos Hawley
(d) Louis Wirth
Ans. (a)
6. According to the Census 2001, which one of the following sets of states is characterized by high female literacy?
(a) Kerala, Mizoram, Lakshadweep.
(b) Gujarat, Haryana and Karnataka.
(c) Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep.
(d) Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand.
Ans. (a)
7. Which one of the following is the significant factor of population that determines the level of births and deaths?
(a) Sex composition
(b) Rate of fertility
(c) Age composition
(d) Rate of mortality.
Ans. (c)
8. According to the demographic transition theory, the first phase of demographic change in the preindustrial system:
1. Leads to the population growth
2. Relates to a fall in death rates.
3. Is based on advances in technology.
4. Leads to migration.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) 1 and 4 only
Ans. (c)
9. Consider the following statements with regard to the National Population Policy, 2000:
1. Decentralized planning and programme implementation.
2. Convergence of service delivery at village levels.
3. Empowering women for improved health and nutrition.
Which of the above are the strategic themes which must be simultaneously perused in “stand alone” or inter- sectorial programmes in order to achieve the national socio-demographic goals for 2010?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3 only
Ans. (c)
10. Which of the following policies for dealing with the tribal population of India was advocated by Verrier Elvin?
(a) Reservations in jobs and education
(b) Land reforms and cultivation rights
(c) No State intervention in tribal way of life.
(d) Their complete integration into the national life.
Ans. (c)
11. Consider the following statements:
Democratic politics has changed the social compensation of the political elite from –
1. Cultural and status homogeneity to heterogeneity
2. Predominantly upper caste to multi-caste
3. Predominantly urban to rural and urban.
4. Predominantly pan-Indian to regional and local interested oriented.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1.2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (d)
12. Which one of the following statements regarding the difference between power and authority is correct?
(a) Power is based on physical coercion authority is not.
(b) Power lies within society, authority lies with the state.
(c) Authority is legitimate power.
(d) Only the state has power, non-political institutions exercise authority.
Ans. (c)
13. What, according to Max Weber, is the characteristic feature of bureaucracy?
(a) It represents the will of the leader
(b) It is based on rational-legal authority
(c) It is based on inherited status
(d) It is based on moral authority.
Ans. (b)
14. Who, among the following, has introduced the category ‘Scheduled Castes’ for the first time in India?
(a) The British in 1935 in the Government of India Act.
(b) Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 during Quit India Movement.
(c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar during the Constituent Assembly Debates.
(d) The Government of India in 1950 in Article 42 of the Constitution of India.
Ans. (a)
15. The Nehruvian model of development focuses on –
(a) Science and technology to promote development
(b) Small and cottage based industries
(c) Agriculture and alternative sources of power
(d) Khadi and village industries.
Ans. (a)
16. In the concept of charisma, as formulated by Max Weber, charisma inherent primarily in the –
(a) Innate qualities of the leader’s personality
(b) Recognition extended to the leader by the followers
(c) Qualities inherited as heir of a particular family
(d) Possession of material wealth and income
Ans. (a)
17. Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of traditional authority?
(a) Patrimonialism
(b) Personal loyalty
(c) Custom
(d) Consistency
Ans. (d)
18. Which of the following is not an agency of political socialization?
(a) Students union elections
(b) Trade unionism
(c) Self-help groups
(d) Modern technology.
Ans. (c)
19. Consider the following statements Sociologists argue that the political modernization of caste occurs when a caste –
1. Dissolves itself into a class.
2. Group mobilizes itself as a pressure group.
3. Actively organizes on associational principles.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1,2 and 3
Ans. (c)
20. Which one of the following is not included in the Power Elite by C. Wright Mills?
(a) Political elite
(b) Cultural elite
(c) Military elite
(d) Business elite
Ans. (b)
21. Which of the following are inalienable parts of political modernization?
1. Freedom of expression
2. Political pressure
3. Preventive law
4. Sacrosanct and wrong
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (a)
22. Consider the following explanations regarding modernization:
1. In the area of agriculture, modernization is a transformation from subsistence agriculture towards commercial production.
2. In the area of industries, modernization is a transformation from the use of human and animal power towards the use of power driven machines.
Which of the explanations given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (c)
23. The functionalists are primarily concerned with the _____________ of social stratification, with is contribution to the maintenance and well-being of society
(a) Function
(b) Aims
(c) Value
(d) Nature
Ans. (a)
24. Kaka Kalelkar Commission was appointed by the Government of India determine the criteria for identification of –
(a) Population below the poverty line
(b) Socially and educationally backward classes
(c) Economically backward upper castes
(d) Socially and economically backward communities.
Ans. (b)
25. Consider the following statements:
1. Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.
2. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the state or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.
Which of the statements given above is/are explicitly stated in Article 29 of the Constitution of India for protection of interest of minorities?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (c)
26. Which one of the following statements is correct about social forestry?
(a) It is the form of forest management prevalent in socialist countries.
(b) It is one of the conventional methods of forest management.
(c) It is a form of forest management imposed by the State.
(d) It helps in rebuilding of forest wealth by the participation of local community.
Ans. (d)
27. Which of the following is known as the process by which cultural traits spread from one culturally distinct group to another?
(a) Evolution
(b) Assimilation
(c) Accommodation
(d) Diffusion
Ans. (d)
28. Who, among the following social scientists, first used the categories of 4the little tradition’ and 4the great tradition’ to describe the process of change in peasant society?
(a) Robert Redfield
(b) McKim Marriott
(c) Barrington Moore
(d) T. Shanin
Ans. (d)
29. Consider the following statements:
Evolutionary theories of social change suggest that societies –
1. Move from simple to complex.
2. Experience linear progress.
3. Change through a process of differentiation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1,2 and 3
Ans. (d)
30. Which of the following statements about social change according to Karl Marx is/are correct?
Social change occurs when-
1. Society experiences class struggle.
2. A creative individual introduces new values and morals through his/her leadership qualities.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (a)
31. ______________ constitutes the primary model of the estate system:
(a) Medieval European feudal society
(b) Spanish society
(c) Ancient Greek Society
(d) Medieval Indian Society
Ans. (a)
32. The Caste system is______________ in nature.
(a) Hierarchical
(b) Symmetrical
(c) Contradictory
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
33. Due to financial problems at home, a landless labourer from a village moved to city to work as a factory labourer. This is an example of:
(a) Horizontal mobility
(b) Vertical downward mobility
(c) Vertical mobility
(d) Social mobility
Ans. (a)
34. If a person becomes a minister from an ordinary shopkeeper, the mobility is called:
(a) Upward mobility
(b) Downward mobility
(c) Horizontal mobility
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
35. Which one of the following is an example of wealth promised to the bride by bridegroom?
(a) Mehr
(b) Stridhan
(c) Dowry
(d) Brideprice
Ans. (d)
36. The practice of fraternal polyandry –
(a) Contradicts patrilineal principles
(b) Can happen only in matrilineal societies
(c) Endorses patrilineal principles
(d) Is independent of patriliny and matriliny
Ans. (d)
37. The Jajmani system of traditional Indian society was interpreted by T. O. Beidelman as a system of –
(a) Social interdependence among castes for survival
(b) Interchanging of goods and services among castes
(c) Economic interdependence and welfare among castes
(d) Exploitation whereby the upper castes exploit the lower castes
Ans. (b)
38. Which one of the following best reflects tribal society?
(a) Hierarchical social relations
(b) Kinship relations
(c) Commercial agriculture
(d) Scriptural religion
Ans. (c)
39. A movement from an old to a new social order, from the traditional to the modem, from pre-industrial to industrial, from rural to the urban way of life, from small-scale personal to large-scale impersonal society, from simple society to complex modem society; refers to various sociological theories of –
(a) Social moment
(b) Social change
(c) Social conflict
(d) Social development
Ans. (d)
40. Advanced technology is the central feature of an advanced society, because technology:
(a) Makes all other societies appear primitive by contrast
(b) Refers to little division of labour between parts
(c) Gives people greater independence of their environment
(d) Does not respect race, class or caste
Ans. (c)
41. Soon after independence, a controversy arose in India about whether tribal communities should be assimilated into the mainstream or kept separate with their district identities intact. The two major sociologists involved in the controversy were –
(a) A. Ayyappan and Verrier Elwin
(b) Verrier Elwin and G.S. Ghurye
(c) N.K. Bose and D.P Mukherjee
(d) B.S. Guha and B.K. Roy Burman
Ans. (b)
42. Which of the following pairs are matching? (Social scientists)
1. N. K. Bose: (Research throws light on the study of trial communities)
2. Verrier Elwan: Preservation of separate tribal identity
3. R.K. Mukherjee: 19th century tribal movements
4. G.S. Ghurye: Tribes as backward Hindus
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Code:
(a) 1 and 4
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3
Ans. (b)
43. Consider the following statements about postindustrial society:
1. Post-industrial society has no impact on the labour class
2. Knowledge is the source of change in the postindustrial society
3. Post-industrial society affects only the sphere of economy
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3
Ans. (b)
44. Statement I: According to Marx, economic action pertains to satisfaction of desires for useful thing.
Statement II: Marx believed that economic actions are taken to control the market for maximizing profit.
(a) Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans. (c)
45. Consider the following paragraph and answer the question given below:
Traditional societies are small-scale, self-contained, technologically primitive with a simple division of labour and specialization. Each individual occupies a few roles, mostly kinship-based. Modern industrial societies are large- scale, technologically advanced with a complex division of labour. Each individual occupies many roles and kinship is not always central to them.
What do the term ‘division of labour’ and ‘specialization’ as stated above connote?
(a) The spread of specialization implies that we can do certain things which our fellows cannot do
(b) All members master the same basic skills to keep themselves alike and no one person is indispensable to society
(c) Individuals are confronted with a vast array of possibilities and- can, therefore, develop in different direction and can acquire multiple skills
(d) Division of labour refers to all forms of specialization and not just those of an economic kind.
Ans. (a)
46. What did Adam Smith mean when he wrote that “the division of labour is limited by the extent of the market. There are some sorts of industry, even of the lowest kind, which can be carried on nowhere but in a great town”?
(a) The market is of little importance in any town
(b) As the division of labour becomes more complex, the economy becomes simpler
(c) The economic development is usually closely linked to the growth of towns
(d) The economic development does not hinge upon the growth of towns
Ans. (c)
47. Which one of the following is the correct feature of peasant economy?
(a) Small-scale production is the correct feature of peasant economy
(b) Production on land for selling a part of the produce in the market
(c) Production on land for selling the products in the market for profit-making motive
(d) Production on land for family consumption and selling the surplus for profit
Ans. (a)
48. Consider the following:
1. Peasant family form a unit of consumption and production
2. Agriculture as the main source of livelihood
3. Domination of peasantry by outsiders
4. Specific traditional culture related to the way of life of small communities
Which of the above are the characteristics of Indian peasantry?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (a)
49. The spirit of capitalism is based on –
(a) Rational economic pursuit
(b) Less work and more pay
(c) Unwillingness to adapt to new method of work
(d) Personal relations with workers
Ans. (a)
50. Statement-I: Urbanization is coterminous with westernization.
Statement-II: Urbanization has brought about new forms of social organization.
(a) Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement 1 is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans. (d)
51. Which one of the following is not a feature of bureaucracy in complex society?
(a) Employees organized on the principle of hierarchy
(b) Interpersonal relationship is valued
(c) Work carried out as per written rules
(d) Recruitment based on competence
Ans. (b)
52. Which one of the following best reflects the concept of urbanism?
(a) Process of migration to cities in search of employment
(b) Pattern of life in terms of work situation, food habits, stress patterns of those who live in cities
(c) A system of values and norms in terms of formalism, individualism and anonymity
(d) The system of high-rise construction
Ans. (b)
53. Which one of the following features is not common to the ideas of post-industrialism and post-Fordism?
(a) Technological advancement
(b) Advancement of knowledge
(c) Role of knowledge in the organization of production
(d) Mass production
Ans. (d)
54. Which one of the following is not typical of industrial society?
(a) Bonded labour
(b) Wage labour
(c) Women’s household labour
(d) Unorganized labour
Ans. (a)
55. Which of the following is/are the main feature(s) of the post-Fordism?
1. Flexible production with flexible specialization made according to satisfaction of consumers
2. Very rigid production unit keeping target of fixed production
3. Production is environment friendly
4. Large scale production of fixed standardized goods for large group of masses
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Code:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 3
Ans. (d)
56. Which one of the following is not a feature of an urban community?
(a) Increasing commercial activities
(b) Social control on kinship basis
(c) Increasing division of labour
(d) Increasing social complexity
Ans. (b)
57. Class differentiation in advanced industrial society is based on –
(a) economy
(b) race and ethnicity
(c) power and authority
(d) individual performance
Ans. (c)
58. Consider the following statements:
1. Urbanization covers the movement of people permanently or temporarily from village to city.
2. Urbanization refers to the breakdown in religious solidarity of the communities.
3. Urbanization means the extension of cities on the ground in the way in which they grow from small towns or spread out to incorporate villages
4. Urbanization means transformation of castes into classes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 and 4
Ans. (c)
59. According to Anthony McGrew, what are the impacts of globalization on national identities?
1. National identities are being eroded as a result of the growth of culture homogenization and the global post-modernism.
2. National and other local or particularistic identities are being strengthened by the resistance to globalization
3. National identities are declining but new identities of hybridity are taking their place.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Code:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
Ans. (d)
60. According to Karl Marx, which one of the following is not a law of dialectical materialism?
(a) The law of unity and struggle of opposites
(b) The law of transformation of quantity to quality
(c) The law of development of human consciousness
(d) The law of negation of the negation
Ans. (b)
61. A person on his way to attend the office at 10 a.m. found an injured person lying on the road and took him to a hospital. As a result of this, he could not reach his office in time. According to Max Weber, the above may be categorized as a/an
(a) rational action with goal
(b) emotional action
(c) rational action with value
(d) charismatic action
Ans. (c)
62. Which one of the following factors is least relevant as an explanation for the declining sex ratio in India?
(a) Migration of males to urban areas
(b) Female foeticide
(c) Lower nutritional status of girl child
(d) High maternal mortality
Ans. (a)
63. Despite above average level of prosperity, the State of Punjab has a very low sex ratio. Which of the following is not a valid explanation for this phenomenon?
(a) Unwillingness to partition agricultural landholdings
(b) There is a son-preference in North India kinship systems
(c) There are no matrilineal communities in Punjab
(d) Dowry imposes a burden on parents of daughters
Ans. (c)
64. The demographic dividend in India refers to the phenomenon of:
(a) increasing proportion of aged persons (65+) in the population
(b) imbalance between the life expectancy of men and women
(c) the decreasing infant mortality rate
(d) the fastest growing working population vis-a-vis dependent population
Ans. (d)
65. Which one among the following is not consistent with Weber’s characterization of charismatic leadership?
(a) Followers attribute supernatural or superhuman power to the charismatic leader
(b) A charismatic leader breaks with tradition and prevailing legal norms
(c) A charismatic leader operates through a personally devoted inner circle rather than an established administrative staff
(d) A charismatic leader can endure for a long time though hereditary succession
Ans. (d)
66. Which one of the following was the theme of discussion in Amartya Sen’s Cooperative Conflict?
(a) Understanding between trade union and employer in an industrial conflict
(b) Harmonious and acrimonious aspects of family structure and roles
(c) Alliances between castes in electoral politics
(d) Merit vs. Need principle as manifested in institutions of technical education
Ans. (b)
67. Statement I: Indian middle class is largely a creation of British rule.
Statement II: Affirmative action in favour of Scheduled Castes has helped them to be elevated to middle class.
(a) Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans. (b)
68. Consider the followings statements:
1. The Constitution of India provides for the Tribes Advisory Council in the Scheduled area only.
2. The functions of Tribes Advisory Council and District Council are the same as per the provisions of the Constitution of India
3. The Tribes of Nagaland are covered under the provisions of the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution of India
4. The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India provides for the formation of the District Council and the Regional Council
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 4 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 2 and 4
Ans. (a)
69. Which of the following statements about tribes in India is/are not correct?
1. Tribes have lower sex ratio than non-tribes in their respective States
2. Tribes live in hilly jungle areas isolated from the mainstream
3. Typically, bride price is the form of marriage payments among some tribes
4. Tribes in India are linguistically heterogeneous
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Code:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. (c)
70. Eco-ferminism is a theoretical perspective that addresses the connection between gender and nature.
Which one of the following statements currently explains the eco-feminism perspective?
(a) In a natural disaster, women are likely to be more affected than men
(b) In development projects, which entail massive displacement of human being rehabilitation policy should be given priority to women.
(c) Due to their role as creator and nurturers of life, women are better conservators of the environment
(d) Women as a group contribute much less to industrial and vehicular population than men.
Ans. (c)
71. Whose theory of social change cannot be classified as a linear theory of change?
(a) A. Comte
(b) H. Spencer
(c) M. Weber
(d) K. Marx
Ans. (c)
72. According to Gerth and Mills, which one of the following is not an issue concerning social causation of factors in social change?
(a) Role of individual
(b) Relative influence of material factors
(c) Role of State
(d) Relative influence of ideas
Ans. (b)
73. Many demographers argue that the birth rate of the economically backward nations will fall when they are industrialised and when people improve their standard of living. This explanation is based on which one of the following?
(a) Speculative causal analysis
(b) History of economically developed countries
(c) Malthusian theory of population
(d) Marxian theory of population
Ans. (d)
74. Who among the following believes that ‘idea’ may independent affect the direction of social change?
(a) K. Davis
(b) Max Weber
(c) V. Pareto
(d) L.R. Bums
Ans. (d)
75. Which one of the following statement is not correct?
(a) Functionalist approach to social change, as a whole tends to see the world as a mostly stable place.
(b) Many sociologists have criticized functionalism for its seeming inability to explain change.
(c) Historical materialist approach to social change enjoys more of a connection to conflict theory and analyses of power in both social and economic manifestations.
(d) The historical materialist and functionalist interpretations are mutually exclusive.
Ans. (b)
76. Tebhaga Movement was organised primarily for –
(a) Two-third share for the sharecroppers
(b) Higher wages for the agricultural labourers
(c) Lower rent for the landlord
(d) Increase in wages for women labourers
Ans. (c)
77. Which of the following is the basis of the system of marriage followed by most parts of north India?
(a) Village endogamy and gotra exogamy
(b) Village exogamy and gotra exogamy
(c) Village exogamy and preferential kin marriage
(d) None of the above
Ans. (b)
78. Which one of the following was used by Durkheim to explain this theory of functionalism?
(a) Structural principles
(b) Organic analogy
(c) Psychological facts
(d) Evolutionary universals
Ans. (b)
79. Most of the peasant movements addressed to which problem?
(a) Land redistribution
(b) Power struggle by underprivileged castes
(c) Abolition of zamindari and jagirdari
(d) All of the above
Ans. (b)
80. According to Robert Merton, people who reject both the existing values and the means of achieving them by attempting to reconstruct a new social system are called –
(a) Conformists
(b) Innovators
(c) Ritualists
(d) Rebels
Ans. (d)
81. Which of the following tribes practice polygyny?
1. Masai
2. Yoruba
3. Bantu
Select the correct answer by using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. (b)
82. The prevalence of arranged marriages in India is related to –
(a) the rules of endogamy that confine marriage alliance within specified groups
(b) the rules of exogamy that disallow marriage within one’s clan/village/neighborhood
(c) regulations about prescriptive (allowing) and proscriptive (prohibiting) nature of rules, guiding marriage among parallel and cross-cousins
(d) All of the above
Ans. (d)
83. Blacksmithy as work comes under which one of the following?
(a) Primitive an
(b) Guild system
(c) Pro-capitalist system
(d) Putting-out system
Ans. (c)
84. According to Robert Merton “When there is an acute disjunction between the cultural norms and goals, and the structured capacities of members of the group to act in accord with them”, it leads to a situation of –
(a) anomie
(b) cultural degeneration
(c) social mobility
(d) structural transformation
Ans. (a)
85. Theoretically speaking, the concept of ‘social systems’ in sociology is used by those who work with –
(a) critical perspective
(b) functionalist perspective
(c) marxist perspective
(d) phenomenological perspective
Ans. (b)
86.What are the customary, normal, habitual ways of doing things by a group, known as?
(a) Mores
(b) Folkways
(c) Habits
(d) Cultural alternatives
Ans. (b)
87. Who, among the following, made a distinction between ‘retributive laws’ and ‘restitutive laws’?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Michel Foucault
(c) Kingsley Davis
(d) Emile Durkheim
Ans. (d)
88.Children learn the ways of adults, perpetuating the values, norms and social practices of their culture. What is this process called?
(a) Evolution
(b) Natural selection
(c) Social interaction
(d) Socialization
Ans. (d)
89. Who, among the following, emphasized that conflict plays a positive role in preserving society?
(a) Max Weber
(b) Lewis Coser
(c) Karl Man
(d) Anthony Giddens
Ans. (b)
90.The concept of ‘relative deprivation’ has been widely used in policy discourse on which one of the following?
(a) Social and cultural rights of minorities
(b) Social conflict and harmony
(c) Multi-culturalism
(d) Poverty and inequality
Ans. (d)
91. Consider the following forms of institutional relations –
1. Social action
2. Social institutions
3. Community
4. Social relations
Max Weber brought together which of the above forms for developing a theory of urban community?
(a) 1, 3 and 4
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (c)
92.Who authored Folkways which includes sex mores, the marriage institution and incest?
(a) F. Engles
(b) William G. Sumner
(c) George Murdock
(d) B. Cardmon Hardy
Ans. (b)
93. Which one of the following was used by Durkheim to explain his theory of functionalism?
(a) Structural principles
(b) Organic analogy
(c) Psychological facts
(d) Evolutionary universals
Ans. (b)
94. International Women’s year was celebrated in the year __________.
(a) 1979
(b) 1978
(c) 1975
(d) 1976
Ans. (c)
95. The Hindu Succession Act 1956 provides for women the right to-
(a) Maintenance from husband
(b) childless woman
(c) inter caste marriage
(d) parental property
Ans. (a)
96. Which Act gives protection to women from being kidnapped and compelled to become prostitutes?
(a) The Criminal Law Amendment
(b) The Family Court Act
(c) The Indecent Representation of Women
(d) The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
Ans. (d)
97. Which of the following schemes has an impact on women empowerment?
1. ICDS
2. ASIDE
3. Swadhar
4. Ujjawala
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1,2 and 3 only
(b) 1 ,3 and 4 only
(c) 2 ,3 and 4 only
(d) 1 ,2, 3 and 4
Ans. (b)
98. Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of joint family system?
(a) Every one earns according to his full capacity
(b) Everyone gets what he earns
(c) Every one earns to his capacity and gets according to his needs
(d) The members have common ancestors
Ans. (b)
99. Modernisation has effected urban relationship most because:
(a) urban people do not feel the necessity of their relatives
(b) urban people are too busy to attend to their relatives
(c) they are busy in earning money
(d) they are residing too far from their kins
Ans. (d)
100. The practice of couvade is reported from___________.
(a) Khasi tribe
(b) Oraon tribe
(c) Jhangs
(d) Santhals
Ans. (a)
101. Genitor in Latin means ____________.
(a) biological fatherhood
(b) sociological fatherhood
(c) creator
(d) none of the above
Ans. (a)
102. Which one of the following is the advantage of the rule of descent?
(a) Social stratification is weakened
(b) Social bonds are strengthened
(c) Rights and duties of each person in the society are defined
(d) Cultural bonds are strengthened
Ans. (c)
103. Any kin related to ego through primary kin is called-
(a) secondary kin
(b) indirect kin
(c) tertiary kin
(d) none of the above
Ans. (a)