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Are you preparing for lectureship or JRF eligibility tests? Here are few questions and answers on Sociology that are more likely to come in UGC-NET, Maharashtra SET, K-SET, APSET, SET (N.E), W.B. SET, Gujarat SET, SET (Bharathiar University), Kerala SET, Haryana SET, Orissa SET, H.P. SET & other state level lectureship or JRF eligibility tests!
1. In fourteenth century, an Arab philosopher wrote a book titled ‘Muqadimma’. Name the writer.
(a) Ibn Mosa
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(b) Ibn Bootuta
(c) Ibn Khaldun
(d) Ibn Khattaun
Ans. (c)
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2. A man who compares the social significance of tribal rituals in two pre-literate societies is most likely a
(a) Sociologist
(b) Archaeologist
(d) Social Anthropologist
(d) Ethnologist
Ans. (c)
3. Who among the following does not belong to French School of Sociology?
(a) Auguste Comte
(b) Emile Durkheim
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(c) Montesquieu
(d) W. Pareto
Ans. (d)
4. Who among the following does not belong to German School of Sociology?
(a) Herbert Spencer
(b) G. Simmel
(c) Max Weber
(d) Tonnies
Ans. (a)
5. Formal or specialistic school of Sociology, which distinguishes Sociology from other branches of social studies is headed by
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Max Weber
(d) Von Wiese
(d) G. Simmel
Ans. (d)
6. Synthetic or general school of Sociology is headed by
(a) Auguste Comte
(b) Emile Durkheim
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) W. Pareto
Ans. (b)
7. Which of the following comes first in the Comte hierarchy of sciences?
(a) Biology
(b) Mathematics
(c) Sociology
(d) Physics
Ans. (b)
8. Transplanting of European manners and culture in other societies is termed as
(a) Europeanisation
(b) Europium
(c) Europism
(d) Colonialism
Ans. (a)
9. Herbert Spencer, has derived his evolutionary scheme from the work of-
(a) Kepler
(b) Harvey
(c) Mendel
(d) Darwin
Ans. (d)
10. At the time of French Revolution who was the King of France?
(a) Louis XVI
(b) Louis XIV
(c) Edward III
(d) Czar IX
Ans. (a)
11. Society is defined as a group of individuals
(a) who share common culture
(b) with common blood group
(c) each of whom interacts with each of the other members somewhat frequently.
(d) who share common territory
Ans. (c)
12. What does society exclude?
(a) Reciprocity
(b) Differences
(c) Interdependence
(d) Adherence to time
Ans. (d)
13. Which of the following is not a feature of society?
(a) Interdependence
(b) Cooperation and conflict
(c) Completion
(d) A specific aim
Ans. (d)
14. Sumner called his model of society
(a) Developmental model
(b) Progressive model
(c) Consensus model
(d) Conflict model
Ans. (a)
15. Which one of the following is not a necessary condition for a population to be defined as a society?
(a) Common culture
(b) Common religion
(c) Shared interaction
(d) Common territory
Ans. (b)
16. Man’s genetic code does not contain specific instructions to behave in a particular way. This view is expressed in the book
(a) Sociology- Themes and perspectives
(b) Sociology- A guide to Problems and literature
(c) What is Sociology?
(d) Sociology- A Systematic Introduction
Ans. (a)
17. Culture has two essential qualities. They are-
(a) learned and shared
(b) transmitted and shared
(c) learned and forgetten
(d) shared and communicated
Ans. (a)
18. Peer group is a group whose members share
(a) Similar play ground
(b) Similar circumstances
(c) Similar values
(d) Similar study circle and books
Ans. (b)
19. Peer groups are often of a-
(a) Similar age
(b) Similar height
(c) Similar race and colour
(d) Similar culture
Ans. (a)
20. The process by which an individual learns the culture of their society is known as-
(a) Socialisation
(b) Internalization
(c) Sanskritisation
(d) Modernization
Ans. (a)
21. Polyandry may be classified into two groups. Which among the following is that?
(a) Levirate and sororate
(b) Adelphic and Non-adelphic
(c) Hypergamy and hypogamy
(d) Cross cousin and parallel cousin
Ans. (b)
22. Which among the following is the main objective of Hindu marriage?
(a) Procreation
(b) Sexual gratification
(c) Dharma
(d) Group formation
Ans. (c)
23. In which system of marriage can one women have many husbands with all of whom she cohabits in turn and it is not necessary that these husbands be brothers?
(a) Group marriage
(b) Non-fraternal polyandry
(c) Adelphic polyandry
(d) Joint marriage
Ans. (b)
24. Nearly universal norm for marriage in all societies is
(a) Lineage endogamy
(b) Clan endogamy
(c) Clan exogamy
(d) Parallel – cousin marriage
Ans. (c)
25. In which one do married couples go to live with a brother of the groom’s mother?
(a) Patrilocal residence
(b) Uxorilocal residence
(c) Avunculocal residence
(d) Neo-local residence
Ans. (c)
26. In which one the groom does not leave his house hold?
(a) Patrilocal residence
(b) Matrilocal residence
(c) Neo-local residence
(d) Avunculocal residence
Ans. (a)
27. Hindus consider marriage as obligatory because
(a) It is important for harmonious relations between sexes
(b) Sexual gratification outside marriage is sin
(c) The birth of a son is necessary for the discharge of obligation to the ancestors.
(d) Marriage is precondition for entering into Grihastha Ashram
Ans. (c)
28. What is ‘ILA’ in Muslim marriage?
(a) Muslim woman gives something as a compensation to the husband at the time of divorce.
(b) Husband takes a vow to abstain from sexual intercourse for at least four months and if it is completed, it means divorce.
(c) Muslim women asks for divorce
(d) Cousin marriage
Ans. (b)
29. An arrangement in which a male can have sexual relationship with any female member without social restrictions is called
(a) Endogamy
(b) Promiscuity
(c) Maitree
(d) Co-habition
Ans. (b)
30. The custom of________ was abolished in 1829.
(a) Female infanticide
(b) Child marriage
(c) Sati
(d) Untouchability
Ans. (c)
31. Parsons and Smelser, consider which among the following as a factors of production in the economic system?
1. Land
2. Labour
3. Capital
4. Specialization
5. Entrepreneurship
(a) 1, 3, 4 and 5
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 5
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2, 4 and 5
Ans. (b)
32. “Property is to be conceived in terms of control of man over things.” Whose opinion is this?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) T. Veblen
(c) L.T. Hobhouse
(d) T. Parsons
Ans. (c)
33. Societies everywhere, in the course of economic production divide the human resources available to them in terms of
(1) Age
(2) Sex
(3) Formal qualification/education
(4) Physical abilities
(a) 1, 2
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 4
Ans. (b)
34. Jajmani system indicates a set of
(a) Political affiliation
(b) Caste dominance
(c) Economic relations
(d) Social obligation
Ans. (c)
35. The thesis which holds that ‘the more economically developed a society becomes, the more it resembles other industrialized countries’ has been named as
(a) Diffusionist
(b) Globalisation
(c) Convergence
(d) Resemblance
Ans. (c)
36. Who considers the economic incentive as ‘Profit motive’?
(a) Political parties
(b) Socialist
(c) Capitalist
(d) Charity Organisation
Ans. (b)
37. ‘The Tax system’ of modern society is an example of the principle of
(a) Market exchange
(b) Gift
(c) Reciprocity
(d) Redistribution
Ans. (d)
38. Which among the following is not a property?
(a) Land
(b) Cattle
(c) Currency
(d) Air
Ans. (d)
39. Who among the following wrote ‘Sociology of Economic Life’?
(a) Max Weber
(b) N.J. Smelser
(c) T. Parsons
(d) R.K. Merton
Ans. (b)
40. In the past, Jajmani system
(a) was an exploitative system
(b) was a highly binding system
(c) system of self-stratification
(d) social institution to perform yagya
Ans. (b)
41. Which among the following are factors that govern social life in an agrarian society?
1. Kinship rather than formal organisation
2. Persons rather than rules
3. Primary social groups rather than voluntary organisation
4. Secondary group rather than neighbourhood
Codes:
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 4
(c) 1, 3
(d) 1, 2, 4
Ans. (c)
42. Which one of the following terms correctly defines beliefs and value systems used by Robert Redfield in the analysis of folk-urban continuum?
(a) Local tradition
(b) Folk tradition
(c) Little tradition
(d) Great tradition
Ans. (c)
43. Which of the following criteria were used by Sorokin in distinguishing a rural society from an urban society?
1. Mobility
2. Heterogeneity
3. Size of population
4. System of interaction
5. Occupation
Codes:
(a) 1, 3 and 5
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 5 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (b)
44. Which of the following characteristics are found in the little community?
1. Homogeneity
2. Hegemony
3. Association
4. Self-sufficiency
Codes:
(a) 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 1, 3 and 4
Ans. (c)
45. Which among the following is not a characteristic of little community as defined by Robert Redfield?
(a) Smallness
(b) Isolation
(c) Distinctiveness
(d) Self-sufficiency
Ans. (b)
46. Bring out the year when Panchayati Raj system was introduced in India
(a) 1952
(b) 1977
(c) 1969
(d) 1984
Ans. (c)
47. Whose opinion is this?
Village communities are little republics, having nearly everything they want within themselves, and almost independent of any foreign relations. They seem to last where nothing else lasts.
(a) M.N. Srinivas
(b) S.L. Dubey
(c) Henry Maine
(d) Charles Metcalfe
Ans. (d)
48. Self sufficiency of Indian villages in recent times is no longer there due to
(a) Education
(b) Proximity to the urban areas
(c) Modern means of communication
(d) Economic growth
Ans. (c)
49. On account of the smallness of the village community one important consequence was
(a) Everyone knew each other
(b) Impersonality in social contacts
(c) It became a land of open attack
(d) Members become hostile to each other
Ans. (a)
50. ‘Human society has been cradled in the rural group.’ Whose opinion is this?
(a) Alex Inkeles
(b) Bogardus
(c) Bottomore
(d) A. Beteille
Ans. (b)
51. The standard of living in the villages is mostly of the same pattern whereas it varies in the towns because
(a) There are no industries in the villages
(b) There is no social disintegration in the villages
(c) From agriculture the villagers obtain the same type of economic satisfaction and face the same problems
(d) Villages are dependent upon land and the same profession creates similar standard of living.
Ans. (c)
52. How does rural community react towards a stranger?
(a) Hostility
(b) Hospitality
(c) Either hospitality or hostility
(d) Indifference
Ans. (c)
53. Much of ‘mutual sympathy’ is observed in villages and much of callousness in the cities because
(a) In small communities, greater sympathy can be observed
(b) Geographical conditions in villages lead to this situation
(c) Small incomes in villages create much sympathy amongst them
(d) Agricultural work leads to sympathy.
Ans. (a)
54. In order to maintain good economic condition of the people not owning any piece of land the government should
(a) Settle the village people in town.
(b) Provide land to them in some other village
(c) Settle them near river banks
(d) Undertake the programme of cottage industries in the villages
Ans. (d)
55. The position of unequal distribution of land in village generally results in
(a) Injustice
(b) Social revolution
(c) Caste conflict
(d) Illiteracy and malnutrition
Ans. (b)
56. Which among the following does not constitute a village community?
(a) Joint family
(b) Slums
(c) Sentimental attachment
(d) Agriculture
Ans. (b)
57. There is less ‘Social Mobility’ in the villages because
(a) Life is static there
(b) People are orthodox
(c) Geographical mobility is absent there and there is no sizeable division of labour because of lack of industries, etc.
(d) The government does not help them economically
Ans. (c)
58. One seldom witnesses psychological conflict in the villages because
(a) There are no cinemas, or other recreation centres which create psychological crisis
(b) The villagers lead a contended life
(c) The villagers live in the lap of nature
(d) The villagers live a contended life
Ans. (d)
59. Which of the following terms was used to refer to an ordinary fortified, town where inland trade was an important activity of people?
(a) Rajdhani
(b) Matha
(c) Kheta
(d) Nagara
Ans. (d)
60. With whose name is the concept of restricted area of culture associated?
(a) Taylor
(b) Herskovits
(c) Clark Wissler
(d) Graebner
Ans. (c)
61. Which of the following statements regarding rational – legal authority is true?
(a) It depends upon the person who holds the office
(b) It emphasizes conformity
(c) It works because of personal favours of the officer
(d) It is inherent in the office held by the officer
Ans. (d)
62. Which of the following type of society shows the total absence of bureaucracy?
(a) Tribal
(b) Agrarian
(c) Industrial
(d) Post-Industrial
Ans. (a)
63. Which is the most important element of nationality?
(a) Common language
(b) Common religion
(c) Common race
(d) Corporate sentiment
Ans. (d)
64. When an organisation is governed by the small group of members it is known as
(a) Monarchy
(b) Anarchy
(c) Autocracy
(d) Oligarchy
Ans. (d)
65. Which of the following are attributes of democracy?
1. Political parties
2. Electorate
3. Independent judiciary
4. Universal adult franchise
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 4
Ans. (c)
66. Which one of the following terms is used to describe the government of a group by its own members on their own Authority?
(a) Autonomous
(b) Autocratic
(c) Plutocracy
(d) Democracy
Ans. (a)
67. ‘Oriental despotism’ is primarily related to?
(a) Control over water resources
(b) Control over means of production.
(c) Use of the army for maintaining law and order
(d) Control over raw material
Ans. (c)
68. Which among the following is not matched correctly?
(a) Traditional authority – Patrimonial chief
(b) Rational legal authority – Democratic set up
(c) Charismatic authority – non revolutionary in purpose
(d) Routinisation of charisma – change in the extent of charisma influence either to traditional or rational form of authority
Ans. (c)
69. Who among the following holds the view that differentiation in authority is the basis of division in society?
(a) Dahrendorf
(b) Max Weber
(c) Coser L.
(d) C.W. Mills
Ans. (a)
70. The concept of________ was first given by Frenchman Raven.
(a) Power and coercion
(b) Referent power
(c) Power and use of power
(d) Situation of power
Ans. (b)
71. Who has distinguished between a ‘Rational Legal’ type from that of ‘Khadi Type’ of justice?
(a) M.K. Gandhi
(b) M. Weber
(c) E. Shils
(d) W. Churchill
Ans. (b)
72. Who has criticized each and every point of Davis & Moore’s theory?
(a) Marx
(b) Weber
(c) Tumin
(d) C.W. Mills
Ans. (c)
73. Broadly, there are two main approaches to the study of social stratification. They are –
(a) Functional and international
(b) Functional and conflict
(c) International and conflict
Ans. (b)
74. The term ‘Stratification’ has been borrowed from
(a) Astronomy
(b) Botany
(c) Geology
(d) Archaeology
Ans. (c)
75. The study of inequality may be traced from
(a) Hobbes and Locke
(b) Plato and Aristotle
(c) Marx and Engels
(d) Marx and Weber
Ans. (b)
76. Concept of ‘Statues Group’ is propounded by
(a) Marx
(b) Davis
(c) Moore
(d) Weber
Ans. (d)
77. Stratification refers to a division of society into
(a) individual basis
(b) kinship
(c) group
(d) economic activity
Ans. (c)
78. In Stratification, groups are ranked as
(a) wealthy and poor
(b) literate and illiterate
(c) superior and inferior
(d) high caste and low caste
Ans. (c)
79. Stratification refers to
(a) psychological difference
(b) natural difference
(c) social difference
(d) political difference
Ans. (c)
80. Which among the following is not correct?
(a) Strata in the earth crust can be directly observed and described
(b) Social stratification is more complex
(c) Social strata cannot be easily observed and distributed
(d) Strata in the earth crust cannot be directly observed and described
Ans. (d)
81. Marx’s thinking about stratification may be derived from his theory of
(a) Class struggle
(b) Alienation
(c) Historical materialism
(d) Surplus value
Ans. (c)
82. For Marx strata in society are
(a) Politically determined
(b) Socially determined
(c) Economically determined
(d) Religiously determined
Ans. (c)
83. Who has differentiated between material and non-material culture in his discussion of social change?
(a) P. Sorokin
(b) Ogburn
(c) T. Veblen
(d) Hobhouse
Ans. (b)
84. Who among the following has supported the cyclical theory of social change?
(a) P. Sorokin
(b) Hobhouse
(c) T. Parsons
(d) R. Firth
Ans. (a)
85. In a family, the grandfather was a farmer in a village and the father taught in a school of a town, and now the son is a textile engineer in a multi-national corporation. This is an example of
(a) Cultural mobility
(b) Occupational mobility
(c) Intra-generational mobility
(d) Inter-generational mobility
Ans. (d)
86. The difference between a natural change and a telic change is that
(a) Natural change is the change that occurs without attention, while telic change is the product of human direction
(b) Natural change is change we notice in nature, while telic change is the product of change we notice in human society
(c) Natural change is geographic and climatic change, while telic change is social change.
(d) Natural change is due to human attention, while telic change is without human attention.
Ans. (a)
87. Social mobility refers to
1. Upward movement of an individual or a group in social hierarchy
2. Downward movement of an individual or group in social hierarchy
3. Horizontal movement of an individual or a group in social hierarchy
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3
Ans. (a)
88. Bring out the incorrect one
(a) Cultural lag – Ogburn
(b) Dialectical – D.P. Mukherjee
(c) Sanskritisation – M.N. Srinivas
(d) Multiple Traditions – Y. Singh
Ans. (d)
89. Complete transformation or social change is known as
(a) Change-in-structure
(b) Structural change
(c) Functional change
(d) Value-based change
Ans. (b)
90. Who among the following has used the concept of social development in place of evolution?
(a) C. Darwin
(b) Sorokin
(c) Hobhouse
(d) Ogburn
Ans. (c)
91. Earliest reaction to Brahmanic ritualism came from
(a) Lord Buddha
(b) Vedas
(c) Upanishadic thinkers
(d) Lord Mahavira
Ans. (a)
92. Who is associated with the cognitive- historical approach of social change?
(a) Louis Dumont
(b) Mckim Marriott
(c) Adrian Mayer
(d) M.N. Srinivas
Ans. (a)
93. “Internal causes play special part in bringing about change in society.” Whose opinion is this?
(a) Goode
(b) Ogburn
(d) K. Marx
Ans. (a)
94. Applied Marxist approach to the study of social change in India was brought by
(a) D.P. Mukherjee
(b) M.N. Srinivas
(c) A. Beteille
(d) P.N. Prabhu
Ans. (a)
95. ‘Ghotul’ among Murias is an example of
(a) Youthfulness
(b) Association
(c) Culture
(d) Family relation
Ans. (b)
96. Plough cultivation is being practiced by
(a) Kadar
(b) Toda
(c) Onge
(d) Munda
Ans. (d)
97. Which among the following is not correct?
(a) The todas are polyandrous
(b) Bhils are major tribe of Madhya Pradesh
(c) The Khasis are patrilineal
(d) Nairs are matrilineal
Ans. (c)
98. For a tribal of particular region Ghotul represents
(a) Form of cultivation
(b) Local non-vedic deity
(c) Youth organisation
Ans. (c)
99. The nature of government in a tribal society varied according to
(a) The size of the tribe
(b) Powers of the chief and the procedure of his appointment
(c) Economic activities of the tribes
(d) Level of literacy of the tribe
Ans. (b)
100. A corporate group in tribal societies means
(a) Living group based on settlements
(b) Property holding group based on kinship
(c) Economic association based on redistribution
(d) Association of priests who practices witchcraft.
Ans. (b)
101. Which among the following is not a characteristic associated with tribal society?
(a) Endogamy
(b) Totemism
(c) Structural inequality
(d) Common territory
Ans. (d)
102. Which among the following is not a Northeastern Indian tribe?
(a) Kuki
(b) Khasa
(c) Sherdukpens
(d) Garo
Ans. (b)
103. Potlatch is a tribal ceremony in which property is
(a) Acquired
(b) Preserved
(c) Destroyed
(d) Strengthened in community
Ans. (c)
104. During medieval period the artisans used to carry on their trade through
(a) Expedition
(b) Markets
(c) Guilds
(d) Religious groups
Ans. (c)
105. The initiation ceremonies in primitive societies are functional because they are
(a) a ritual and dramatic expression of the supreme power and value of tradition
(b) a customary and folk expression of the supreme power and value of the tradition
(c) a traditional and religious expression of the supreme power and value of tradition
(d) a superstitions and kinship expression supreme power and value of tradition
Ans. (a)
106. According to Demographic Transition Theory ‘a rapid increase in population consisting high fertility and falling mortality’ represents
(a) Stage -1
(b) Stage – II
(c) Stage – III
(d) Stage – IV
Ans. (b)
107. When did birth, as the controlling factor of status start declining?
(a) When religious renaissance started
(b) When socialist states started emerging in world politics
(c) Since industrial revolution
(d) Since cold war
Ans. (a)
108. ______________ is the number of children under 5 years of age divided by the number of women 15-44 years of age multiplied by 1000.
(a) Age Pyramid
(b) Sex Pyramid
(c) Fertility ratio
(d) Dependency ratio
Ans. (c)
109. Who among the following used the term ‘demography’ for the first time?
(a) Achille Guillard
(b) T. Malthus
(c) Herbert Spencer
(d) Ricardo D
Ans. (a)
110. ‘Population tends to increase in geometrical ratio whereas agricultural produce increases in arithmetical ratio.’ This statement is made by
(a) Spencer H.
(b) Malthus
(c) Plato
(d) Karl Marx
Ans. (b)
111. The concept of ‘Positive’ and ‘Preventive’ checks were elaborated by
(a) T. Malthus
(b) H. Spencer
(c) C. Darwin
(d) W. Pareto
Ans. (a)
112. “The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man”. It is said by
(a) H. Spencer
(b) Adam Smith
(c) T. Malthus
(d) Pareto
Ans. (c)
113. In which theory does the total population follow an S-shaped curve?
(a) Social capillary theory
(b) Law of logistic curve
(c) Pivot principle
(d) Malthusian theory
Ans. (b)
114. ‘De-facto’census method
(a) Distributes the people on the basis of their usual place of residence
(b) Counts the population where it is residing for month preceding the census
(c) It counts the population according to where it is on the night preceding the census
(d) It counts the population where it is residing since a decade
Ans. (c)
115. By transitional growth we mean
(a) High birth rate and low death rate
(b) High birth rate and high death rate
(c) Low death rate and low birth rate
(d) Low death rate and high birth rate
Ans. (d)
116. Reservation for scheduled castes is provided in relation to their
(a) Social backwardness
(b) Economic backwardness
(c) Low ritual positions
(d) Population
Ans. (d)
117. Who were untouchables?
(a) Scheduled Tribes
(b) Scheduled castes
(c) Other Backward castes
(d) Landless-agricultural labourers
Ans. (b)
118. The five fundamental principles (Panchsheel) for the tribal uplift were presented for the first time by
(a) V. Elwin
(b) G.S. Ghurye
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Simmon Commission
Ans. (c)
119. The British conceded political representation of the untouchables by the communal Award. Gandhi undertook a fast unto death against this Award which ultimately led to the withdrawal of the Award under
(a) Shimla Agreement
(b) Poona Pact
(c) Lahore Pact
(d) Bombay declaration
Ans. (b)
120. The constitution has laid down numerous measures to protect the tribals, their rights and traditions. Who among the following wanted to nurture them “along the lines of their own genus”?
(a) Jagjiwan Ram
(b) J.L. Nehru
(c) B.R. Ambedkar
(d) Jyotiba Phule
Ans. (b)
121. The process of political mobilisation of the scheduled castes across caste line by the upper caste is called
(a) Sanskritisation
(b) Vertical mobilisation
(c) Internationalisation
(d) Horizontal mobilization
Ans. (b)
122. Whom of the following has observed this?
“Locally powerful upper-castes notables mobilise the vote to fill the reserved seats with their own scheduled caste man whom they manipulate and control. These men are bound to them by traditional ties as well as political debts and the kind of leadership expected by them is good fellowship”.
(a) M.N. Srinivas
(b) Lelah Dushkin
(c) A. Beteille
(d) F.G. Bailey
Ans. (b)
123. Political process in which emphasis is on increasing the solidarity among the scheduled castes and organising them into a political force so that their interest is safeguarded and promoted is called
(a) Political mobilisation
(b) Sanskritization
(c) Horizontal mobilisation
(d) Political process
Ans. (c)
124. Which of the following is not an expression used for scheduled castes?
(a) Depressed classes
(b) Exterior castes
(c) Untouchables
(d) Interior castes
Ans. (d)
125. Since the passage of the____________, Scheduled castes have been generally referred to as ‘Scheduled castes’?
(a) Simon commission, 1927
(b) Govt, of India Act of 1935
(c) Wavell Plan, 1945
(d) Cripps Mission, 1942
Ans. (b)
126. Who had made this observation?
“Thus the caste to which the ruler of a country belongs, however low it may be considered elsewhere, ranks amongst the highest in the ruler’s own dominions, and every member of it derives some reflection of dignity from its chief.”
(a) M.N. Srinivas
(b) Abbe Dubois
(c) F.G. Bailey
(d) Andre Beteille
Ans. (b)
127. Custom is the established modes of thought and action. Who referred to it as the ‘imponderabilia of actual life’?
(a) M. Fortes
(b) A.L. Kroeber
(c) R. Brown
(d) B. Malinowski
Ans. (d)
128. ‘Custom is the lens without which one cannot see at all’. With which name this famous quote is associated?
(a) M. Mead
(b) Malinowski
(c) R. Benedict
(d) Sumner
Ans. (c)
129. _______ considered social anthropology as similar to comparative sociology.
(a) Malinowski
(b) Weber
(c) Radcliffe-Brown
(d) Tylor
Ans. (c)
130. Who is regarded as the father of sociology?
(a) Marx
(b) Montesquieu
(c) Comte
(d) Parsons
Ans. (c)
131. Who said—the purpose of sociology was “to discover the nature, the natural causes and the natural laws of society”?
(a) Emile Durkheim
(b) Max Weber
(c) August Comte
(d) Karl Marx
Ans. (c)
132. The most crucial feature of a scientific data is its
(a) verifiability
(b) applicability
(c) reliability
(d) validity
Ans. (c)
133. “Society is a web of social relationship”. With whose name would you identify this celebrated dictum?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Emile Durkheim
(c) Max Weber
(d) Maclver
Ans. (b)
134. The most fundamental unit of human society is
(a) religion
(b) economy
(c) family
(d) individual
Ans. (d)
135. Who introduced a classification of groups into the little community and the great community?
(a) Maclver
(b) Cooley
(c) Tonnies
(d) Redfield
Ans. (d)
136. Empirical knowledge essentially involves
(a) collection of information
(b) practice
(c) observation
(d) speculation
Ans. (c)
137. Given the series below:
X- 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25
F- 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 5
The mode is:
(a) 20
(b) 23
(c) 22
(d) 21
Ans. (c)
138. The sum of the derivations of the items from Mean is always:
(a) 1
(b) Zero
(c) 2
(d) 6
Ans. (b)
139. The average marks secured by 30 students are 60. If two more students join the class, the average comes down to 56.25. The total marks secured by these students were:
(a) 20
(b) 40
(c) 60
(d) Zero
Ans. (d)
140. Educational Organisation is different from educational administration because:
(a) organization is concerned with arrangements of equipment etc., whereas administration has to manage with things to be organised.
(b) administration is concerned with persons whereas organisation is concerned with equipment’s.
(c) administration is concerned with arrangements of things etc., while organisation deals with the management aspects
(d) organisation is concerned with the management of things and equipment, while administration is concerned with the arrangement aspects of things and equipment.
Ans. (a)
141. If r is 0.5, Σxy = 120, σ of y = 8 and Σx2 = 90, the value of n will be:
(a) 15
(b) 12
(c) 10
(d) 5
Ans. (c)
142. The sum of the deviations of individual observation is zero from:
(a) arithmetic mean
(b) mode
(c) median
(d) geometric mean
Ans. (b)
143. Which of the following could classified under the software of educational technology:
(a) Radio Broadcasts
(b) Tape recorders
(c) R.T.V. Telecast
(d) Programmed instructional material
Ans. (d)
144. Skewness is present if:
(a) Quartile is not equividistant from median
(b) Median is equal to 3rd Quartile
(c) If quartile is equidistant from median
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
145. The Law of Probability is applied in:
(a) Random sampling
(b) Non-random sampling
(c) Geometry
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
146. If Σfx = 825, N = 30, x̅ =
(a) 22
(b) 25.2
(c) 27.5
(d) 25.7
Ans. (c)
147. Mode is:
(a) least frequent value
(b) middle most value
(c) most frequent value
(d) represents majority out of total frequency
Ans. (c)
148. Which report states that backward classes’ backwardness is reflected in their under- representation in central government services in which their overall proportion is about thirty per cent though they constitute about seventy five percent of the total population:
(A) Report of the Backward Classes Commission 1980
(B) Report of Scheduled Caste Commission, 1978
(C) Brochures of Development Index, 1980
(D) Report of Kaka Kalekar commission, 1988
Ans. (A)
149. The individual and social commitment of the inner-directed, subjectively controlled, autonomous personality, which steers itself with reflexive principles, is an example of which of the following?
(A) Ethics of collective meanings
(B) Ethics of individual responsibility
(C) Magico-astrological pragmatism
(D) National-legal normative considerations
Ans. (B)
150. Which of the following elements are critical to the success of a modern liberal democratic political system?
1. Civil culture
2. Functioning judicial system
3. Periodic elections
4. Stable government
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 4 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
Ans. (D)
151. Which of the following is a part and parcel of political modernization according to liberal theory?
1. Citizens communicate their desires to their leaders
2. Government is responsive to the wishes of the citizens
3. Justice is retributive
4. Regular holding of elections
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 4 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 4 only
Ans. (D)
152. Which one of the following is provided in Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India?
(A) Equality before law to all members of society
(B) Free and compulsory primary education to children of all Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(c) Reservation of appointments or posts in favour of backward class of citizens
(D) Special protection to women of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in all matters
Ans. (C)
153. Whom of the following has observed this?
“Locally powerful upper-castes notables mobilise the vote to fill the reserved seats with their own scheduled caste man whom they manipulate and control. These men are bound to them by traditional ties as well as political debts and the kind of leadership expected by them is good fellowship”-
(A) M.N. Srinivas
(B) Lelah Dushkin
(C) A. Beteille
(D) F.G. Bailey
Ans. (B)
154. In which of the following States, Article 164 of the Constitution of India provides for a Minister in charge of tribal welfare?
1. Bihar
2. Rajasthan
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Orissa
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1, 2 and 3 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
Ans. (D)
155. Which of the following factors contribute to the high fertility of Indian women?
1. Universality of the institution of marriage
2. Great emphasis on bearing children.
3. The preference for sons is deeply ingrained in the Indian culture.
4. A custom in India till recently which required the Hindu girls to be married off before they entered puberty.
(A) 4 only
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1, 3 and 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (D)
156. In simple societies people used elementary tools; subsequently which of the following activities gradually replaced their hunting life with new forms of economic organization?
(A) Pottery-making and weaving of wool
(B) Fishing and iron-smelting
(C) Domestication of animals and agriculture
(D) Spinning wheel and fire-making
Ans. (C)
157. Consider the following statements about industrial society:
1. A new system of production, distribution and exchange
2. Extreme division of labour, specialization and segmented roles
3. Trend from contract to status
4. Impetus towards individualism and impersonality
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 2 and 3 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1 and 4 only
Ans. (B)
158. The controversy between Levi-Strauss and Radcliffe-Brown on the concept of structure was whether structure is:
(A) An empirical reality
(B) An ensemble of relationships
(C) An aggregation of roles
(D) Patternisation of statuses
Ans. (B)
159. Ideal type, according to Weber, is:
1. Average
2. Description of concrete reality
3. Abstract exaggeration of the concept
4. A characteristic common to a group of people.
Choose the right code among the following:
(A) 1, 2, 3 are false but 4 is true.
(B) 1, 2, 4 are false but 3 is true.
(C) 1, 2, 3 are true but 4 is false.
(D) 1, 2, 4 are true but 3 is false.
Ans. (A)
160. Which of the following statements about collective behaviour is not correct?
(A) Collective behaviour normally centres around a phenomenon which is essentially temporary in nature
(B) This type of behaviour is not regulated by any set of rules or procedures
(C) Rumours and misinformation normally run rampant during the course of collective behaviour
(D) Collective behaviour is predictable
Ans. (D)
161. Which of the following statement about the process of social control through religion is not correct?
(A) Every religion has the concept of sin and virtue in some form or the other
(B) Religion also controls the behaviour of its adherents through preachings, teachings, festivals and community activities
(C) Religion propagate social harmony and unity through education, and social welfare
(D) Religion does not control the life of individual and group
Ans. (D)
162. Consider the following stages in the development of a society:
1. Capitalist
2. Tribal
3. Ancient
4. Feudal
Which one of the following is the correct chronological sequence of these societies as thought by Karl Marx?
(A) 2, 3, 4 and 1
(B) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(C) 4, 3, 2 and 1
(D) 3, 4, land 2
Ans. (A)
163. Routinization of charisma refers to:
(A) The process by which the personal qualities of a charismatic leader are incorporated in the characteristics of an organisation
(B) The wide acceptance of the leadership quality of the charismatic leader by his followers
(C) The high normative standard of the actions of charismatic leader
(D) The ultimate goal which the charismatic leader has attained
Ans. (A)
164. Which of the following statements about nature of social control is incorrect?
(A) Social control is even present in the so called uncivilised, barbaric and cannibalistic societies
(B) Social control is not an essential condition of the human society
(C) The influence of social control is exercised for promoting the welfare of all the individuals or of the group as whole
(D) Social control may be exercised in various ways by means of public opinion, coercion, religion, morality etc.
Ans. (B)
165. Which of the following are the objectives of reservation?
(A) To lift the limitation on access to equal opportunities for full and fair participation in the governance of the society
(B) To recognise the discharge of special obligations towards the disadvantaged and discriminated social groups
(C) To overcome substantial chronic under representation of social groups
(D) All of the above
Ans. (D)
166. Who among the following thought of religion to an opium of the people?
(A) Freud
(B) Mosca
(C) Marx
(D) Durkheim
Ans. (C)
167. Who said- “Civilisation is always advancing but not culture.”?
(A) Johnson
(B) Maclver
(C) Toynbee
(D) Berger
Ans. (B)
168. According to Parsons which of the following are the elements of the social system? Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
I. Multiplicity of individuals
II. The condition of interaction
III. Relationships defined on the basis of culture and common symbols
IV. Interaction among individuals
V. Mutual relationships
VI. Incentive to get maximum satisfaction
Codes:
(A) I, II, III and IV
(B) II, III, IV and V
(C) III, IV, V and VI
(D) I, II, III, IV, V and VI
Ans. (D)
169. Which is the basic distinction between culture and civilization?
(A) Culture is what we have achieved and civilization is what we aspire to achieve.
(B) Culture is what comes out of intelligence but civilization is what comes out of experience.
(C) Culture is secondary but civilization is primary.
(D) Culture is what we are and civilization is what we have.
Ans. (A)
170. Ceremonies that mark a critical transition in the life of an individual from one phase of life-cycle to another are called:
(A) Role-taking
(B) Rites of Passage
(C) Status Crystallisation
(D) Status set
Ans. (B)
171. Who among the following gave the concept of anticipatory socialisation?
(A) Merton
(B) Parsons
(C) Homans
(D) Sumner
Ans. (A)
172. Which of the following statements about the nature of Publics is not correct?
(A) An individual may be a member of many publics at the same time
(B) The members of a public are scattered at several places
(C) Public is a group of people who have common interest in an issue
(D) There is physical contact among the members of a public
Ans. (D)
173. The initiation ceremonies in primitive societies are functional because they are:
(A) A ritual and dramatic expression of the supreme power and value of tradition
(B) A customary and folk expression of the supreme power and value of tradition
(C) A traditional and religious expression of the supreme power and value of tradition
(D) A superstitious and kinship expression of the supreme power and value of tradition
Ans. (A)
174. When a girl of the higher caste marries a boy of the lower caste, the system is known as:
(A) Levirate
(B) Anuloma
(C) Sororate
(D) Pratiloma
Ans. (D)
175. In the matriarchal family the position of a Woman is recognised to be supreme in all matters. Which of the following is not its characteristic?
(A) Descent is reckoned through mother.
(B) Marriage relations are not permanent.
(C) Wife lives in the house of her husband.
(D) Property is inheritable by the females.
Ans. (C)
176. If one goes to the village of Eskimo one mostly find that all
(a) were hunters and fisherman
(b) used to work on the making of canoes to sail on the high sea
(c) used to undertake different professions.
(d) lived in the houses temporarily made by them on tree with the help of cedar.
Ans. (a)
177. Which among the following serves as a unifying element in the tribal society?
(a) Marriage
(b) Religion
(c) Economic consideration
(d) Kinship
Ans. (d)
178. Male-female ratio i.e., sex ratio in India since 1901 has been
(a) Decreased
(b) Stagnant
(c) Increased
(d) Demographers now not taking this into account
Ans. (a)
179. The base of age pyramid in India is broad. This is due to
(a) High birth rate
(b) High death rate
(c) High morbidity
(d) High fecundity
Ans. (a)
180. When was caste riot in Belchi took place?
(a) 1942
(b) 1962
(c) 1968
(d) 1977
Ans. (d)
181. Select the correct chronological order of scheduled tribes in India in terms of its numerical strength.
(a) Bihar, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan
(b) M.P. Orissa, Gujarat, Bihar
(c) M.P, Orissa, Bihar, Gujarat
(d) Bihar, Gujarat, Assam, Orissa
Ans. (c)
182. There has recently been a revival of interest in the evolution of culture and mainly there are two branches—ecological and technological. Can you identify its two respective proponents?
(a) Kroeber and Ogburn
(b) Ogburn and Wallace
(c) Julian Steward and Leslie White
(d) Kroeber and Steward
Ans. (c)
183. Who are the major proponents of role of language in culture?
(a) Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee Whorf
(b) R. Benedict & B. Malinowski
(c) Weber & Durkheim
(d) None
Ans. (a)
184. An extreme item or a lowest item will always have a bearing upon:
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Mode
(d) None of the above
Ans. (a)
185. The arithmetic mean of the direct 100 natural numbers is:
(a) 55.2
(b) 60.1
(C) 25.7
(d) 50.5
Ans. (b)
186. Consider the following:
Strategy or approach to control population growth through National Family Planning Programme in India has undergone following changes in different 5-year Plan periods-
1. Clinical approach
2. Target orientation
3. Awareness creation
4. Extension education
What is the correct sequence of these approaches?
(A) 3-1-4-2
(B) 4-2-3-1
(C) 3-2-4-1
(D) 4-1-3-2
Ans. (D)
187. Consider the following statements:
In a traditional political system, positions of authority may be supported by-
1. administration of justice
2. contract
3. collective hunts
4. religious ceremonies
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 3 and 4 only
Ans. (D)
188. ‘Twentieth century sociologists in classical tradition indulged in a debate with the ghost of Marx.’ Who among the following has stated it?
(A) Anthony Giddens
(B) Raymond Aron
(C) Irving Zeitlin
(D) Jonathan Turner
Ans. (B)
189. In the division of labour characterised by organic solidarity which of the following is not its element according to Durkheim?
(A) Minimised sphere of Collective Conscience.
(B) Restitutive Law
(C) Low Density of Population.
(D) Structural Differentiation
190. Who among the following theorists is of the view that society is Janus-headed showing both conflict and consensus?
(A) Malinowski
(B) Levi-Strauss
(C) Merton
(D) Dahrendorf
Ans. (D)
191. Under which of the following circumstances folkways develop into mores?
1. Their fulfillment comes to be regarded as necessary and vital to the group’s welfare
2. Society begins to show more tolerance including their violations
3. People come to resort to informal sanctions such as ridicule and mild criticism
4. The ideal of morality, right and wrong comes to be attached to them
(A) 1 and 3
(B) 2 and 4
(C) 2 and 4
(D) 3 and 2
Ans. (B)
192. There is a lot of difference between ancient and modern bureaucracies. Which factor among the following does not denote this difference?
(A) Greater specialization of functions
(B) Vastness of modern bureaucracy
(C) Dominant aspect of society
(D) Hierarchy of command.
Ans. (C)
193. Berger describes sociologists as concerned with:
(a) monumental moments in people’s lives
(b) common everyday life events
(c) both a and b
(d) none of the above
Ans. (c)
194. The term sociology was for the first time coined by:
(a) Auguste Comte
(b) Ginsberg
(c) Aristotle
(d) Socrates
Ans. (a)
195. Sociology emerged as a response to:
(a) The issues, controversies and problems associated with 19th century American Society
(b) The revolutionary social change stemming from the effects of the Industrial Revolution
(c) The revolutionary social changes stemming from the effect of the Reformation
(d) The after effect of the World War I.
Ans. (b)
196. Sociology as a subject deals with:
(a) Man and society
(b) Human associations
(c) Social relations among individuals
(d) Rights and duties of the citizens
Ans. (c)
197. Who, out of the following is often called as the father of sociology?
(a) Durkheim
(b) Max Weber
(c) Auguste Comte
(d) Socrates
Ans. (c)
198. Which statement is true?
(a) An association is partial while community is a whole
(b) The membership of association is voluntary but the membership of community is compulsory
(c) An association is a group within a community
(d) All the above statements are true
Ans. (d)
199. According to_________ theory, individuals made a mutual agreement and created society.
(a) Patriarchal
(b) Social contract
(c) Agreement
(d) Divine origin
Ans. (c)
200. Which of the statements is not true?
(a) The process of socialization is operative only in childhood
(b) Both the authoritarian and equalitarian relationship contribute to the socialization of the child
(c) Church is an agency of socialization
(d) All the above statements are true
Ans. (b)
201. Maturation is a process over which individual has:
(a) Direct control
(b) No control at all
(c) Only remote control
(d) Positive and effective control
Ans. (b)
202. Who has compared society with an organism?
(a) Darwin
(b) Durkheim
(c) Spencer
(d) Maclver
Ans. (c)
203. Ritual of church for worship is:
(a) An institution
(b) A community
(c) An association
(d) A society
Ans. (a)
204. Pick up one of the following which does not signify the advantage of social institutions:
(a) individual gets special status
(b) individual gets special role
(c) energies are properly channelised
(d) human personality gets fullest expression
(e) role and status of individual is regulated
Ans. (e)
205. Which of the following is not a significant advantage of social institutions?
(a) Diversified human behaviour is simplified
(b) These help in providing social controls
(c) These help in removing controls
(d) These help in fulfilling natural instinct of men
Ans. (c)
206. For the study of institution like family and religion dependable method of study is:
(a) Interview method
(b) Questionnaire method
(c) Schedule method
(d) Historical method
Ans. (d)
207. A common method used for the study of social institution is:
(a) Evolutionary method
(b) Analytical method
(c) Historical method
(d) Case study method
Ans. (c)
208. Which of the following is not correct?
(a) In groups are characterized by ‘we feeling’.
(b) Ascribed status is generally a feature of closed social stratification.
(c) Out groups are characterized by indifference or hatred.
(d) Reference groups are one’s membership groups.
Ans. (a)
209. Caste is closed ‘organic group’. To whom do you attribute this statement?
(a) F.G. Baily
(b) M.N. Srinivas
(c) Y.M. Damle
(d) M. Ames
Ans. (c)
210. Who among the following defines sociology as a science that deals with social groups; their internal formal or modes of organization, the processes that tend to maintain or change these forms of organization and relations between groups?
(a) Maclver and Page
(b) K. Davis
(c) Ogbum and Nimkoff
(d) H.M. Johnson
Ans. (d)
211. A lineage is a group of descendants in:
(a) Matrilineal line
(b) Patrilineal lines
(c) Either line
(d) Both lines
Ans. (c)
212. Which of the following is an example of secondary group?
(a) Family
(b) Neighbourhood
(c) Playgroup
(d) Trade Union
Ans. (d)
213. In terms of what did Weber distinguish between modern society and traditional society?
(a) religious mysticism
(b) spirit of capitalism
(c) puritan ethic
(d) rationalization
Ans. (d)
214. Consists in the observance, according to prescribed manners, of certain actions designed to establish liaison between the performing individual and the super natural powers-
(a) attitude
(b) belief
(c) myth
(d) ritual
Ans. (d)
215. Which type of social structure, includes the concepts of aristocracy and ethnic superiority?
(a) universalistic-ascription
(b) universalistic-achievement
(c) particularistic-achievement
(d) particularistic-ascription
Ans. (a)
216. The social structure was classified into four types based on four social values such as universalistic and particularistic, achieved and ascribed social values by-
(a) Zukerman
(b) Talcott Parsons
(c) Sir Henry Maine
(d) Frazer
Ans. (b)
217. Which one refers to the capacity to take independent action in the face of resistance and confrontation?
(a) power
(b) authority
(c) economy
(d) courage
Ans. (a)