Civil Services Prelims Sociology Exams Previous Year Solved Question Paper

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Civil Services Prelims Sociology Exams Previous Year Solved Question Paper (2009)!

1. A social institution is

(a) An established procedure that regulates human behaviour

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(b) A place where social functions are organized

(d) An organization that administers social service

Ans. (a)

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2. Which one of the following is not a social institution?

(a) Kinship

(b) School

(d) Prison

Ans. (d)

3. Who, among the following, has emphasized the positive functions of conflict in society?

(a) Georg Simmel

(b) Karl Marx

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Ans. (a)

4. Which one of the following is an attribute of culture?

(a) Culture is divinely gifted

(b) Culture is socially constructed

(d) Culture is environmentally manipulated

Ans. (b)

5. Mass culture generally refers to

(a) the symbolic products of a group

(b) artistic and literary creations

(d) commercial products of little or no aesthetic value

Ans. (d)

6. Which one of the following is meant by cultural relativism?

(a) There are universal cultural norms that we must follow

(b) One’s view of social institutions is coloured by his cultural perspective

(d) One believes that one’s own culture is relatively superior to that of others

Ans. (c)

7. Which one of the following statements correctly defines ‘Ethnocentrism’?

(a) Judging other culture with the help of cultural ‘Ideal Type’

(b) Judging other species by comparing them with human

(d) Judging other cultures by comparison with one’s own

Ans. (c)

8. Who, among the following sociologists, popularized the term ‘Primary group’?

(a) Erving Goffinan

(b) C.H. Cooley

(d) G.H.Mead

Ans. (b)

9. Consider the following statements:

Reference group theory has generally been used by scholars to understand the process of-

1. social mobility among individuals and groups

2. competition and conflict among individuals and groups

3. social interaction and symbolic unity

4. formation of human agency

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 4

(d) 1,2,3 and 4

Ans. (d)

10. According to Emile Durkheim, ‘human agency’ is constrained by

(a) political process

(b) social structure

(d) agency of other actors

Ans. (b)

11. Who among the following, classified religious rites/rituals into positive, negative and piacular?

(a) B.Malinowski

(b) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown

(d) E. Durkheim

Ans. (d)

12. Which one of the following theories adopts the model of the organism to understand the social system?

(a) Conflict theory

(b) Functionalist theory

(d) Behavioural theory

Ans. (b)

13. Directions: The following question consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer to this question using the code given below.

Assertion (A)- Sanskritization is a process of upward mobility of castes.

Reason (R)- Lower castes perceive upward movement of their members through imitation of higher caste rituals.

Code:

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false, but R is true

Ans. (a)

14. Gandhian Satyagraha can be considered as an example of which one of the following Weber’s type of social action?

(a) Instrumental-rational action

(b) Affective action

(d) Value-neutral action

Ans. (c)

15. Which one of the following sociologists developed the theory that within the social system roles become institutionalized clusters of normative rights and obligations?

(a) E. Durkheim

(b) R. Merton

(d) R. Linton

Ans. (b)

16. A status-set refers to which of the following?

1. The set of positions an individual occupies in a given network of social relations.

2. The set of distinctions an individual earns in his/her life.

3. A set of privileges an officer enjoys in bureaucracy.

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3

(d) 1,2 and 3

Ans. (a)

17. Consider the following statements:

For Mahatma Gandhi, women’s involvement in the nationalist movement meant that they

1. sit at home and spin khadi

2. participate in bonfires that burns foreign clothes.

3. fill-up prisons and thus protest against the British.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (a)

18. A social norm is:

(a) what everyone adheres to

(b) an evaluation of the state of affairs as good or bad

(d) is not adhered to by everyone but guides the actions of individuals in social interactions.

Ans. (d)

19. According to E. Sutherland, which one of the following is referred to as white-collar crime?

(a) Crimes committed by social elites

(b) Crimes such as bribery and corruption in industry and business

(d) Crimes committed by habitual offenders

Ans. (b)

20. Who, among the following psychologists, viewed crime and deviance as playing a positive role in the functional integration of society?

(a) E. Durkheim

(b) Karl Marx

(d) T.H. Marshall

Ans. (a)

21. According to E. Durkheim, law is the visible symbol of society’s

(a) division of labour

(b) collective consicousness

(d) religious life

Ans. (a)

22. Who, among the following, identified sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational as stage in the process of socialization ?

(a) Jean Piaget

(b) Erving Goffinan

(d) G.H.Mead

Ans. (a)

23. Recognition of the cultural rights of immigrants in some of the West Europan countries is s a good example of

(a) assimilation

(b) isolation

(d) acculturation

Ans. (c)

24. The Nehruvian model of development focuses on:

(a) science and technology to promote development

(b) small and cottage based industries

(d) khadi and village industries

Ans. (a)

25. Which of the following is/are the example/examples of role conflict?

1. A football coach whose daughter is a member of the team.

2. A student going to cinema during class time.

3. A judge listening the case of crime against her son.

Select the correct answer using the code given below-

(a) 2 only

(b) 1 and 3

(d)1, 2 and 3

Ans. (b)

26. Which one of the following is the prime factor in reference group behaviour?

(a) Membership

(b) Out-group

(d) Relative deprivation

Ans. (d)

27. In the theory of culture of poverty

(a) structural conditions are identified causing poverty

(b) exploitation of labour is identified causing poverty

(d) attitudes, beliefs and behaviour individuals or groups are identified causing poverty

Ans. (d)

28. Relative deprivation is a condition where an individual/a group

(a) has become poorer than before even when he/it is above the poverty line

(b) has fallen below the poverty line due to his/its downward mobility

(d) feels deprived in relation to his/its own aspirations of material life

Ans. (c)

29. According to E. Durkheim, the nature of modern law is

(a) repressive

(b) restitutive

(d) formal

Ans. (b)

30. The essence of secondary group is its

(a) consciousness of kind

(b) degree of performance

(d) impersonality of relationship

Ans. (d)

31. Which of the following is not an aspect of social structure?

(a) Language

(b) Norms

(d) Institutions

Ans. (a)

32. According to M.N. Srinivas, what are the three levels of Westernization in India?

(a) Simple, complex and multiple

(b) Primary, secondary and tertiary

(d) Individual, community and nation

Ans. (c)

33. Which one of the following is known as the process by which cultural traits spread from one culturally distinct group to another?

(a) Evolution

(b) Assimilation

(d) Diffusion

Ans. (d)

34. Which of the following statements about social change according to Karl Marx is/are correct?

Social change occurs when

1. society experiences class struggle.

2. a creative individual introduces new values and morals through his/her leadership qualities.

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (a)

35. Who has applied ‘pattern variables’ to differentiate between developed and developing societies?

(a) K. Davis

(b) B. Hoselitz

(d) T. Parsons

Ans. (d)

36. Directions : The following question consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer to this question using the code given below.

Assertion (A): Norms and values are fundamental bases of societal make-up.

Reason (R): Only religious institutions teach norms and values.

Code:

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false, but R is true.

Ans. (c)

37. Consider the following statements

On the basis of the recent studies on the families in India, can be argued that changes in the family have taken the direction of

1. making all families small and nucleated.

2. increasing filial dependence of sons on fathers and reducing the scope of the conjugal relationships.

3. weakening family norms and increasing trends towards neolocal residence.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 2 and 3

(d) 3 only

Ans. (d)

38. In Radcliffe-Brown’s terms, the relationship between a and his mother’s brother in patrilineal society is one of

(a) filiation

(b) complementary filiation

(d) fictional filiation

Ans. (b)

39. The term ‘Phratry’ refers to which one of the following?

(a) Grouping of nuclear families in a common household

(b) Followers of a religious sect

(d) Clustering of several clans into exogamous units

Ans. (d)

40. Consider the following statements:

1. Relationships within patrilineage or matrilineage groups are established and maintained through descent links traced through either or both parens.

2. Affinal kins are related by marriage.

3. The term ‘avuncular’ refers to prominent position of mother’s brother.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (d)

41. In bilineal descent

(a) men transmit to sons, while daughters inherit from their mothers

(b) men transmit to daughters and women to their sons

(d) membership is acquired through father or mother and attributes are transmitted equally through both parents

Ans. (d)

42. Which one of the following correctly defines the term kinship?

(a) A socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between two individuals

(b) A socially recognized connection between individuals established either through marriage or through blood relatives

(c) A group of persons directly linked by kin connections, the adult members of which assume responsibility for caring the children

(d) A group of people who claim a genealogical connection of descent rhoguh male or female line

Ans. (b)

43. Assertion (A)- In the opinion of Irawati Karve, caste is an extended kin-group.

Reason (R)- Members of the same caste believe that they have descended from a common ancestor.

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false, but R is true

Ans. (a)

44. Assertion (A)- Emphasis on conjugal ties is supposed to weaken the stability of the joint family.

Reason (R)- The father-son relationship and the relationship between brothers are more crucial for the joint family system than the conjugal relationship.

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false, but R is true

Ans. (a)

45. Assertion (A)- Monogamy is the most common form of marriage in the contemporary society.

Reason (R)- Status of women is likely to enhance in a monogamous union.

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false, but R is true

Ans. (a)

46. The theory of social stratification offered by K. Davis and W. Moore is known as

(a) Multi-dimensional

(b) Conflict theory

(d) Structuralist theory

Ans. (c)

47. Which one of the following theory/model states that the system of rewards leads to a system of stratification?

(a) Conflict theory

(b) Functional theory

(d) Roles-status model

Ans. (b)

48. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) The theory of stratification in the form of ‘class¹, of ‘status’ and ‘party’ was given by M. Weber

(b) K. Marx advocated that super ordinate authority in a society is to control the subordinates by issuing orders, putting demands, giving warnings and imposing prohibition

(c) R. Dahrendorf holds the view that stratification exists in each and every human society of the world and also it is a functional necessity

(d) R. Merton was the forerunner in propounding the conflict perspective for explaining social stratification

Ans. (a)

49. Consider the following statements:

1. Social stratification is ubiquitous.

2. Caste and class are examples of social stratification.

3. Sanskritization takes place outside the framework of caste system.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (c)

50. Which one of the following is correct with regard to the difference between a proletariat and a slave?

(a) Proletariat is a free wage labourer while slave is not

(b) Proletariat is urban while slave is rural

(d) There is no difference between the two

Ans. (a)

51. Louis Dumont conceptualized caste in terms of

(a) social differentiation and untouchability

(b) class and unequal power relations

(d) functional unity and differentiation

Ans. (c)

52. Which of the following is not the characteristic of the Jajmani System?

(a) Reciprocal relationship

(b) Hereditary

(d) The range of activity of different Kamin is uniform

Ans. (d)

53. Which one of the following is not included in the Power Elite by C. Wright Mills?

(a) Political elite

(b) Cultural elite

(d) Business elite

Ans. (b)

54. R. Dahrendorf argued that post-industrial societies are divided on the lines of

(a) class

(b) the exercise of authority

(d) democratic participative models

Ans. (b)

55. Embourgeoisiement is

(a) failure of mobility of working class

(b) automation of industry

(d) process of creating bourgeois aspirations, style of living among the working class

Ans. (d)

56. Lumpenpro letariat is a concept within

(a) Marxist theory

(b) Weberian theory

(d) Durkheimian theory

Ans. (a)

57. In the theory of Leisure Class, Veblen compared

(a) consumerism with social mobility

(b) conspicuous consumption with conspicuous leisure of the financially successful groups in society

(d) different ideas related to deprivation of women

Ans. (b)

58. Which of the following statements are correct?

For Karl Marx, class is identified by

1. relations of subordination

2. ruling class ideology

3. knowledge, skill and technology

4. profit and surplus value.

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 3 and 4

(d) 1, 2 and 4

Ans. (d)

59. Which one of the following statements regarding the difference between power and authority is correct?

(a) Power is based on physical coercion, authority is not

(b) Power lies within society, authority lies with the State

(d) Only the State has power, non-political institutions exercise authority

Ans. (c)

60. Consider the following statements:

Marx’s concept of class ‘for itself implies

1. class consciousness and realization of collective class action in pursuit of overthrowing the opponent by the working class.

2, The economic conditions and standards of life characterizing the working class.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (a)

61. When a caste group consolidates itself horizontally and asks for special policies or programmes for its development, it begins to act like a

(a) political party

(b) pressure group

(d) “class-for-itself”

Ans. (b)

62. Consider the following statements:

1. Hierarchy and differentiation are the parts of social stratification.

2. Caste system is a closed system of social stratification.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (c)

63. Directions- The following question consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer to this question using the code given below.

Assertion (A) – The modernization process has challenged the hold caste system in India.

Reason (R) – Mobility as a phenomenon of change in caste system does not challenge the basic structure of caste.

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are individually true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(d) A is false, but R is true

Ans. (b)

64. Which one of the following is not a basic feature of the tribal society?

(a) Distinct language

(b) Distinct territory

(d) Segmentary

Ans. (d)

65. Consider the following statements:

Tribal systems are usually categorized by their

1. economic systems.

2. kinship systems.

3. educational systems.

4. modes of social change.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(b) 1 and2

(d) 2 only

Ans. (b)

66. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

(a) Morgan – Iroquois tribe

(b) Franz Boas – Eskimos

(d) W.H.R. Rivers – Melanesia

Ans. (d)

67. Which of the following policies for dealing with the tribal population of India was advocated by Verrier Elvin?

(a) Reservations in jobs and education

(b) Land reform’s and cultivation rights

(d) Their complete integration into the national life

Ans. (c)

68. Which one of the following statements is not correct?

(a) Peasants are considered to cling to tradition

(b) Farmer’s attitude towards agriculture tends to be profit oriented while peasant’s view land from a cultural perspective

(d) Farmers work with hired labour while peasants work with family labour

Ans. (c)

69. According to E. Wolf, peasant movement have generally been led by

(a) the middle peasantry

(b) the agricultural labourers

(d) big farmers

Ans. (a)

70. According to E.O. Wright, which one of the following is not included among the three dimensions of control in modern capitalist production?

(a) Investments or money capital

(b) The physical means of production like land or factories and offices

(d) Political power

Ans. (d)

71. Which among the following is not a basic element of capitalist economy?

(a) Private ownership

(b) Profit maximisation

(d) Creation of public wealth

Ans. (d)

72. For Weber, capitalism is not related to

(a) a religious commitment of self

(b) belief in Calvinist principles

(d) this-worldy asceticism

Ans. (d)

73. Consider the following statements Fordism as a system of production

1. is a low trust system.

2. maximizes worker alienation.

3. reduces routine work done by humans.

4. requires close supervision of tasks.

Which of the statements given above is/are the limitation(s) of Fordism?

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(b) 1, 2 and 4

(d) 3 only

Ans. (b)

74. Which one of the following theoretical models of urban growth does the following statement refer to?

Commercial activities are concentrated in a central urban core, around which rings develop devoted to different activities.

(a) Homer Hoyt’s sector model

(b) Ernest Burgess’s concentric-zone model

(d) Louis Wirth’s organization of space model

Ans. (b)

75. Environmental problems and the growth environmental knowledge do not reject.

(a) the dominant social paradigm dominant Western world view

(b) material gains of industrial societies

(d) quality of life oriented values

Ans. (d)

76. Which one of the following is not a feature of peasant societies?

(a) Use of family members as labourers

(b) Complete isolation

(d) Agriculture as a way of life

Ans. (b)

77. Which of the following statements about the concept of rural-urban continuum is correct?

(a) It means villages and towns are dichotomous entities

(b) It means that villages and towns are inter-linked and yet distinct from each other

(d) It means migration of rural people to cities and of urban people to the villages

Ans. (b)

78. Who, among the following, has initiated a discussion on the differentiation of metropolitan space like the space of flows and the space of places?

(a) Manuel Castells

(b) Gideon Sjoberg

(d) Louis Wirth

Ans. (a)

79. Which of the following is/are not the characteristic/ characteristics of industrial society?

1. Heterogeneity

2. Mechanical solidarity

3. Mobility

4. Repressive laws

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 2 only

(b) 1, 2 and 3

(d) 1 and 4

Ans. (c)

80. Consider the following statements about social stratification in industrial society:

1. Industrial society is unstratified.

2. Industrial society is stratified on caste basis.

3. Industrial society is stratified on the basis of class and status.

4. Industrial society hinders social mobility for the individual.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 4

(b) 3 only

(d) 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (b)

81. According to ‘Talcott Parsons, which of the following would apply to industrial society?

1. Neutrality

2. Particularism

3. Universalistic achievement

4. Collectivity

Select the correct answer using the code given below-

(a) 1 and 3

(b) 2 and 3

(d) 1, 3 and 4

Ans. (a)

82. Which one of the following is not the institutional condition of industrialization?

(a) The institutionalization of rule of inheritance

(b) A commercial system of exchange

(d) A rationally-organised mechanised production system

Ans. (a)

83. Consider the following statements with regard to the National Population Policy, 2000:

1. Decentralised planning and programme implementation.

2. Convergence of service delivery at village levels.

3. Empowering women for improved health and nutrition.

Which of the above are the strategic themes which must be simultaneously pursued in “stand alone” or inter- sectoral programmes in order to achieve the national socio-demographic goals for 2010?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1 and 3

Ans. (c)

84. According to Goody, diverging devolution means

(a) children of each sex receive very different quantities as inheritance

(b) only the male child inherits

(d) only the oldest male and youngest female child inherit

Ans. (c)

85. According to the Census 2001, which one of the following sets of States is characterized by high female literacy?

(a) Kerala, Mizoram, Lakshadweep

(b) Gujarat, Haryana and Karnataka

(d) Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand

Ans. (a)

86. Which one of the following is the significant factor of population that determines the level of births and deaths?

(a) Sex composition

(b) Rate of fertility

(d) Rate of mortality

Ans. (c)

87. According to the demographic transition theory, the first phase of demographic change in the pre-industrial system:

1. leads to the population growth.

2. relates to a fall in death rates.

3. is based on advances in technology.

4. leads to migration.

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 2, 3 and 4

(b) 1 and 3

(d)1 and 4

Ans. (d)

88. Which of the following are inalienable parts of political modernization?

1. Freedom of expression

2. Political pressure

3. Preventive law

4. Sacrosanct and wrong

Select the correct answer using the code given below-

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 3 and 4

(d) 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (c)

89. What, according to Max Weber is the characteristic feature of bureaucracy?

(a) It represents the will of the leader

(b) It is based on rational-legal authority

(d) It is based on moral authority

Ans. (b)

90. In the concept of charisma, as formulated by Max Weber, charisma inheres primarily in the

(a) innate qualities of the leader’s personality

(b) recognition extended to the leader by the followers

(d) possession of material wealth and income

Ans. (b)

91. Which of the following is not agency of political socialization?

(a) Students union elections

(b) Trade unionism

(d) Modern technology

Ans. (d)

92. Consider the following statements:

Sociologists argue that the political modernization of caste of occurs when a caste

1. dissolves itself into a class

2. group mobilizes itself as a pressure group.

3. actively organizes on associational principles.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (c)

93. Consider the following statements:

Democratic politics has changed the social composition of the political elite from

1. cultural and status homogeneity to heterogeneity.

2. predominantly upper caste to multi-caste.

3. predominantly urban to rural and urban.

4. predominantly pan-Indian to regional and local interest oriented.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2, 3 and 4

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (d)

94. Who, among the following, argued that social evolution is an extension of biological evolution and actual mechanisms of social evolution and biological evolution are different but both can be understood in terms of “evolutionary universals”?

(a) Charles Darwin

(b) David Landes

(d) Talcott Parsons

Ans. (d)

95. False consciousness according to Marx is the:

(a) process by which the proletariat understands its position in history

(b) difference between the proletariat’s conception of itself and its real interests

(d) ideal that a belief in common by a class is necessarily true

Ans. (b)

96. Consider the following statements:

1. Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.

2. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.

Which of the statements given above is/are explicitly stated in Article 29 of the Constitution of India for protection of interest of minorities?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (c)

97. Which one of the following Indian States took the progressive initiative of first launching the Employment Guarantee Scheme?

(a) Maharashtra

(b) Tamil Nadu

(d) Manipur

Ans. (a)

98. Who, among the following, has introduced the category ‘Scheduled Castes’ for the first time in India?

(a) The British in 1935 in the Government of India Act

(b) Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 during Quit India Movement

(d) The Government of India in 1950 Article 42 of the Constitution of India

Ans. (a)

99. Kaka Kalelkar Commission was appointed the Government of India to determine the criteria for identification of

(a) population below the poverty line

(b) socially and educationally backward classes

(d) socially and economically backward communities

Ans. (b)

100. The backward classes movements in South India during the early twentieth century were

(a) directed against the colonial rulers

(b) directed against Brahmins and upper castes

(d) movements for land reforms and re-distribution

Ans. (b)

101. Consider the following statements:

1. According to some early social theorists such as Herbert Spencer, social evolution is a process through which societies develop in predictable ways that generally reflect progress towards ‘higher’ or more nearly perfect forms of social life.

2. Oswald spengler and Arnold J. Toynbee argued that societies change according to cycles of rise, decline, and fall just as individual people are born, mature, grow old, and die.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2.

Ans. (c)

102. Which one of the following is a correct sequence of cultural change according to P. A. Sorokin?

(a) Ideational – Sensate – Idealistic

(b) Idealistic – Ideational – Sensate

(d) Sensate – Ideational – Idealistic

Ans. (c)

103. Consider the following explanations regarding modernization:

1. In the area of agriculture, modernization is a transformation from subsistence agriculture towards commercial production.

2. In the area of industries, modernization is a transformation from the use of human and animal power towards the use of power driven machines.

Which of the explanations given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (c)

104. Consider the following statements

1. Law is made, while custom grows society.

2. Law is specific, custom is not.

3. Both law and custom need a special agency for enforcement.

4. Customs disappear on their own, while laws disappear with deliberate effort by a recognised authority.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(b) 1 and 2

(d) 1, 2 and 4

Ans. (d)

105. In Marxian social thought, change from capitalism to socialism will come through:

(a) working-class revolution

(b) revolution in the means of production

(d) disappearance of the middle-class

Ans. (b)

106. Consider the following statements regarding Sanskritization:

1. It involves a change in the way of life of a lower caste

2. It does not lead to a structural change in the system

3. Even though limited in nature it leads to a more egalitarian social order.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (b)

107. Technological modernization leads to

(a) increase in number of workers

(b) displacement of workers

(d) increase in contract workers

Ans. (b)

108. Which one of the following statements is correct about social forestry?

(a) It is the form of forest management prevalent in socialist countries

(b) It is one of the conventional methods of forest management

(d) It helps in rebuilding of forest wealth by the participation of local community

Ans. (d)

109. In V. Pareto’s concept of circulation of elites, composition of elites alternates cyclically between:

(a) lions and sheep

(b) sheep and foxes

(d) bulls and bears

Ans. (c)

110. Who, among the following sociologist, has developed the ‘iron law of oligarchy^’?

(a) Robert Michels in his discussion of Bureaucracy

(b) Karl Marx in his discussion of Capitalist Society

(d) V. Pareto in his discussion of Power

Ans. (a)

111. Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of traditional authority?

(a) Patrimonialism

(b) Personal loyalty

(d) Consistency

Ans. (b)

112. The process of modernization in India brings about a change in the inner logic of caste. What terms did Louis Dumont use to specify this process?

(a) From ‘culture’ to ‘economy’

(b) From ‘pollution’ to ‘politics’

(d) From ‘religion’ to ‘society’

Ans. (a)

113. Who among the following social scientists first used the categories of ‘the little tradition’ and ‘the great tradition’ to describe the process of change in peasant society?

(a) Robert Redfield

(b) McKim Marriott

(d) T. Shanin

Ans. (a)

114. Consider the following statements:

Evolutionary theories of social change suggest that societies

1. move from simple to complex.

2. experience linear progress.

3. change through a process of differentiation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (d)

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